Inflammation 2 Flashcards
What are the two major vasoactive amines?
Histamine
Serotonin
What are the physiologic effects of histamine?
Principal mediator of the immediate transient phase of increased vascular permeability
Dilation of arterioles and increased venule permeability
What inflammatory process are prostaglandins involved in?
Pain and Fever
What are the functions of LTC4, D4, and E4?
Vasoconsriction
Bronchospasm
What is the function of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?
Phospholipid mediator produced by PLA2
Platelet stimulation, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte activation
What are the functions of C3a and C5a?
Anaphylatoxins
Increase vascular permeability and cause vasodilation
C5a - chemotactic for neutrophils
What is the function of C3b?
Opsonization
What is Hagman factor?
Clotting factor XII
Provides additional source of vasoactive mediators
What is the function of bradykinin?
Short-lived
Vasodilator, increases vascular permeability, bronchial smooth muscle, pain
What are the two pathways that activate macrophages?
Classical and Alternative
What is granulomatous inflammation?
Pattern of chronic inflammation induced by T cell and macrophage activation
What are epithelioid cells?
Activated macrophages that develop abundant cytoplasm
Mediated by cytokines produced by macrophages and T lymphocytes
What are giant cells?
Fused macrophages
Multinucleated
What are foreign body granulomas?
Incited by relatively inert foreign bodies, in the absence of T cell-mediated immune responses
Epithelioid cells and giant cells are apposed to the surface of the foreign body
What are immune granulomas?
Caused by agents capable of inducing a T cell-mediated immune response
Macrophages activate T cells to produce cytokines, which activate other T cells, perpetuating the response
