Compression Neuropathy Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is compression neuropathy?

A

process whereby a nerve becomes entrapped as it passes through a narrow tunnel or passage

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2
Q

Sunderland classification of nerve injury

A
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What usually is the cause of cervical nerve root compression?

A

2° to cervical disc disease (i.e. disc bulging or herniation)

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5
Q

What is a bulging disc? herniated disc?

A

a. compressed evenly without significant damage to cartilage rings
b. Some tearing of the cartilage rings
i. Protrusion: only a few cartilage rings are torn; no leakage of central material
ii. Extrusion: cartilage rings have torn in a small area, nucleus pulposus is able to flow out of the disc space

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6
Q

How does the disc most commonly herniate?

A

posterior laterally –> causes radiculopathy

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

What is justified in most cases of cubital tunnel syndrome? what is the exception?

A

operative decompression –> prevent nerve damage

not needed in very mild cases

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9
Q

What nerves are at risk in peripheral UE?

A

Radial nerve

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

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10
Q

What sensation does the radial nerve supply?

A

majority of dorsum of hand (via posterior interossesous

motor to triceps, anconeus, wrist extensors

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11
Q

What are names for paresthetica in superficial radial nerve?

A

Wartenber’s syndrome or Handcuff Neuropathy

caused by compression, edema, surgical injury

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12
Q

What four sites can trap the median nerve?

A

Ligament of Struthers

Pronator Syndrome

Anterior Osseous Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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13
Q

What is pronator syndrome?

A
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14
Q

What tests are done to test for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
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15
Q

How do we treat carpal tunnel?

A
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16
Q

Where can the ulnar nerve have entrapment?

A

Cubital Tunnel

Guyon’s Canal

17
Q

What are the two parts of the ulnar nerve, and what are their functions?

A
18
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Flow Chart

A
19
Q

What nerves are at risk to become entrapped in the LE?

A

Common Fibular n. (L4-S2)

Deep Fibular n. (L4-S2)

Posterior Tibial n. (L4-S2)

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous n. (L2-3)

20
Q

What are sx of common fibular n. compression? tx?

A

Sx: pain along proximal third of lateral leg, foot drop with a slapping gait, sx exacerbated during plantarflexion & inversion of the foot

Tx: posterior fibular head HVLA or ME, ME on gastroc/soleus, biceps femoris

21
Q

How do we treat anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • Remove compressive forces
  • Myofascial release of extensor retinaculum
  • Traction tug of talonavicular joint
  • Hiss whip for navicular, cuneiforms, 1st and 2nd metatarsal
22
Q

What is a unique sx of lateral femoral cutaneous n compression?

A

trophic skin changes (later on)

(+) Tinel’s sign 1cm medial and inferior to the ASIS

23
Q

What is the etiology of tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A
24
Q

What is spinal disc disease?

A

can develop chronic back pain

weak back ligaments (predispose to further injury; accelerated OA)

25
Q

What mainly causes sciatica?

A

sacroiliac ligament weakness