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TAP Lecture > Unit One Pericardium/Heart > Flashcards

Unit One Pericardium/Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels

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2
Q

The pericardium lies where

A

In the middle of mediastinum

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3
Q

The fibrous portion of pericardium is attached to

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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4
Q

The fibrous pericardium is fused to

A

Great vessels adventitia

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5
Q

What ligament is attached from fibrous pericardium to sternum

A

Sternopericardial ligament

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6
Q

What forms the serous pericardium

A

Parietal layer, pericardial cavity and visceral layer

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7
Q

AKA of visceral layer of pericardium

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

What is the cells that make up the serous pericardium

A

Simple squamous

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9
Q

Function of serous pericardium

A

Secretes lubricating fluid

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10
Q

Does the fibrous pericardium stretch when heart is beating

A

No

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11
Q

If a vessel in the pericardium explodes/leaks where does it go

A

Pericardial cavity

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12
Q

Vessel leaking into pericardial cavity causes pressure and crushes heart and is called

A

Cardiac tamponade

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13
Q

What is the ligament from the fibrous pericardium to diaphragm

A

Pericardialphrenic ligament

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14
Q

What are the nerves that supply the pericardium

A

Phrenic, sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve

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15
Q

What is the main or big supply of nerve to pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

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16
Q

Is vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

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17
Q

What are the surfaces of the heart

A

Anterior, right pulmonary surface, left pulmonary surface, diaphragmatic, and posterior surface

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18
Q

Aka of anterior surface of heart

A

Sternocostal surface

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19
Q

Anterior surface of heart contains

A

Right atrium, right auricle, right ventricle, left ventricle

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20
Q

Right pulmonary surface of heart contains

A

Right atrium and right auricle

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21
Q

Left pulmonary surface of heart contains

A

Left ventricle, left atrium (small part)

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22
Q

What surfaces of the heart are directed towards lungs

A

Right and left pulmonary surface

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23
Q

Diaphragmatic surface of heart contains

A

Left ventricle (mainly), right ventricle and posterior interventricular sulcus, interventricular septum

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24
Q

Posterior surface of heart AKA

A

Base

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25
Q

Posterior surface of heart contains

A

Left atrium (mainly), right atrium (small part), proximal parts of great veins (SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins)

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26
Q

What tendon attaches to the diaphragmatic surface of heart

A

Central tendon

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27
Q

Apex of heart found where

A

Fifth intercostal

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28
Q

What are the external sulci of the heart

A

Coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus

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29
Q

What sulcus circles the heart

A

Coronary sulcus

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30
Q

What sulci separates the atria from ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

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31
Q

What sulci is present on the anterior surface of the heart

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

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32
Q

What sulci is present on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

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33
Q

What artery and vein are in the anterior interventricular sulcus

A

Great cardiac vein and anterior interventricular artery

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34
Q

What artery or vein is in the coronary sulcus

A

Right coronary artery and coronary sinus

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35
Q

What artery and vein is found in the posterior interventricular sulcus

A

Posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein

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36
Q

The right atrium contains what circuit

A

Pulmonary circuit

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37
Q

What are the spaces found in the right atrium

A

Atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae

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38
Q

Atrium proper found where

A

Auricle area

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39
Q

What is the external groove found on the right atrium

A

Sulcus terminalis cordis

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40
Q

Where is the sulcus terminalis cordis

A

Vertically on side of right atrium on outside of heart

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41
Q

What is the internal ridge of the right atrium

A

Crista terminalis

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42
Q

Function of crista terminalis

A

Separate atrium proper and sinus of venae cavae

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43
Q

When you pass the crista terminalis in the right atrium what is present

A

Pectinate muscle

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44
Q

Why is the inside of the right atrium smooth

A

Allows for better blood flow into the ventricle

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45
Q

Is the sulcus terminalis cordis and crista terminalis found in the left atrium

A

Yes but not as prominent

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46
Q

The atrium proper is what directionally compared to crista terminalis

A

Anterior

47
Q

The atrium proper is derived from

A

Embryonic primitive atrium

48
Q

What muscle is present in the right atrium

A

Pectinate muscle

49
Q

AKA of pectinate muscle

A

Musculi pectinati

50
Q

Sinus of venae cavae is derived from

A

Sinus venosus

51
Q

What walls are found in the sinus of venae cavae

A

Smooth and thin walls

52
Q

What opens in the sinus of venae cavae

A

SVC and IVC

53
Q

Where will you find the fossa ovalis and annulus ovalis

A

Interatrial septum

54
Q

Annulus ovalis AKA

A

Limbus fossa ovalis

55
Q

How does fossa ovalis forms

A

When the pressure in right atrium is less than the pressure in left atrium causing the foramen ovale to close

56
Q

What are the openings in the right atrium

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right atrioventricular orifice, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac vein

57
Q

What are the biggest openings in the right atrium

A

SVC and IVC

58
Q

What drains blood from heart into the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

59
Q

Anterior cardiac vein openings are found where in the right atrium

A

Right under the right auricle

60
Q

SVC drains what into right atrium

A

Blood from head, neck and upper extremity

61
Q

What is trabeculae carneae

A

Muscular, irregular structures on the inflow portion of ventricles

62
Q

What muscle is present in the ventricles

A

Papillary muscles

63
Q

What do papillary muscles look like

A

Peaks of muscles that extend into the chamber

64
Q

Papillary muscles tether to what

A

Chordae tendineae

65
Q

Chordae tendineae attach to what

A

Cusps

66
Q

Infundubulum AKA

A

Conus arteriosus

67
Q

What is the conus arteriosus

A

Smooth walls of the outflow tract in the ventricles that help with smooth blood flow

68
Q

Infundibulum derived from

A

Embryonic bulbus cordis

69
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located

A

Right atrioventricular orifice

70
Q

What part of valve attaches to chordae tendineae

A

Apex of cusp

71
Q

Pulmonary valve contains what

A

Three semilunar cusps

72
Q

What are the valves in the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve

73
Q

Tricuspid valve is made up of

A

Anterior cusp, septal cusp and posterior cusp

74
Q

What forms the base of the heart

A

Left atrium

75
Q

What is not present on the left atrium

A

Sulcus terminalis cordis and crista terminalis

76
Q

The posterior part of the left atrium contains

A

Smooths walls

77
Q

The left atrium receives blood from

A

Pulmonary veins

78
Q

The anterior part of the left atrium contains

A

Musculi pectinati (ridges)

79
Q

Is the right ventricle or left ventricle thicker

A

Left due to being part of the systemic circuit

80
Q

What valves are present in the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve and aortic valve

81
Q

What is the aortic vestibule in the left ventricle

A

Smooth outflow tract near the aorta

82
Q

What in the left ventricle is derived from the embryonic bulbus cordis

A

Aortic vestibule

83
Q

The pulmonary cusp has how many cusps and called

A

3, left, anterior and right

84
Q

The aortic valve has how many cusps and called what

A

Three, left, right and posterior cusp

85
Q

Backflow of cusp of aortic valve goes where

A

Coronary artery to supply blood to heart

86
Q

What are the coronary arteries

A

Right and left

87
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

Atrial branch, right marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch

88
Q

Posterior interventricular branch AKA

A

Posterior descending artery

89
Q

The coronary arteries supply blood where

A

To heart

90
Q

The heart receives most of its blood supply from what artery

A

Right coronary artery

91
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular branch and circumflex branch

92
Q

Anterior interventricular branch AKA

A

Left anterior descending artery

93
Q

The anterior interventricular branch supplies blood particularly to what

A

Left ventricle

94
Q

What are the two main venous drainage of heart

A

Anterior cardiac veins and coronary sinus

95
Q

The anterior cardiac veins drain into what

A

Right atrium

96
Q

The coronary sinus is divided into

A

Great, middle, small cardiac vein and posterior cardiac vein

97
Q

The coronary sinus is found where

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle

98
Q

What vein reins with posterior ventricular artery

A

Posterior cardiac vein

99
Q

Aka of middle cardiac vein

A

Posterior interventricular vein

100
Q

Small cardiac vein runs with artery

A

Right coronary artery

101
Q

The cardiac conduction system consists of

A

Sinuatrial node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches (His) and purkinje fibers

102
Q

Where is the SA node found

A

SVC entrance into atria

103
Q

Where is AV node found

A

Border between right atrium and right ventricle

104
Q

Function of AV node

A

Initiate ventricle contraction

105
Q

What makes the SA node work constantly

A

Slow continuous flow of sodium slowly depolarizing inside of cell to threshold which is lower than most cells

106
Q

Purpose of cardiac skeleton

A

Make sure the signal from AV node to bundle does not come back and makes its way to ventricles. Insulator

107
Q

The pulmonary trunk forms the

A

Right and left pulmonary artery

108
Q

The pulmonary trunk contains what that attaches to aortic arch

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

109
Q

The ligamentum arteriosum is derived from

A

Ductus arteriosum

110
Q

Function of ductus arteriosum

A

Shunt blood from pulmonary trunk to aortic arch to bypass lungs

111
Q

Where does ascending aorta begin

A

T4-T5

112
Q

Where does ascending aorta end

A

Sternal angle

113
Q

What are the branches of the ascending aorta

A

Brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid, left subclavian artery

TAP Lecture (8 decks)

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