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Respiratory Physiology, Medicine and Critical Care > Pulmonary Capacities and Volumes > Flashcards

Pulmonary Capacities and Volumes Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiratory minute volume?

A

The volume of gas inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person’s lungs per minute.

It is an important parameter in respiratory medicine due to its relationship with blood carbon dioxide levels.

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2
Q

What mechanical factors affect minute volume?

A
  • Muscle Contraction (strength and recruitment)
  • Airway resistance (based on airway diameter)
  • Intrapleural Pressure
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3
Q

What is the average tidal volume for a male?

A

500 ml

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4
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

The volume of air breathed in an out of the lungs in a single breath

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6
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

Maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

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7
Q

What is the average tidal volume for a female?

A

500 ml

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9
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of normal inspiration

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10
Q

What is the average expiratory reserve volume for a male?

A

1100 ml

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11
Q

What is the average expiratory reserve volume for a female?

A

700 ml

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12
Q

What is residual lung volume?

A

The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration. This stops the alveoli from collapsing

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14
Q

What is the average inspiratory volume for a male?

A

3000 ml

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15
Q

What are the different lung volumes measured?

A
  • Tidal volume
  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
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16
Q

What are the different lung capacities measured?

A
  • Vital capacity
  • Total lung capacity
  • Inspiratory capacity
  • Functional Residual capacity
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17
Q

How would you work out the vital capacity of a person?

A

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

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18
Q

What is the average inspiratory reserve volume in females?

A

1900 ml

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20
Q

How would you work out total lung capacity of a person?

A

TLC = VC + RV

21
Q

What is the average residual lung volume for males?

A

1200 ml

22
Q

What is the average residual volume in females?

A

1100 ml

23
Q

How would you work out respiratory capacity?

A

IC = TV + IRV

26
Q

How would you work out functional residual capacity?

A

FRC = ERV + IRV

28
Q

What is the average vital capacity of a male?

A

4600 ml

29
Q

What is the average vital capacity of a female?

A

3100 ml

31
Q

What is the average TLC of a male?

A

5800 ml

32
Q

What is the average TLC of a female?

A

4200 ml

34
Q

What is the average inspiratory capacity of a male?

A

3500 ml

35
Q

What is pattern of change in FEV1 and FVC seen in obstructive lung disease?

A

In obstructive lung disease, FEV1 is reduced, as the rate of exhalation is dramatically reduced. FVC is also reduced. However, greatest effect is on the airways, leading to a greater reduction in FEV1.

36
Q

What is the pattern of change in FEV1 and FVC in obstructive lung disease?

A

Absolute airflow rate is reduced, reducing FEV1. FVC is also reduced due to inability of the lung to expand properly. The ratio therefore remains constant, or can even increase due to most of the volume of the lung being exhaled in the first second.

This is a limitation of the technique, as a normal FEV1/FVC may not always indicate health

37
Q

What is the average inspiratory capacity of a female?

A

2400 ml

39
Q

What is the average FRC of a male?

A

2300 ml

40
Q

What is the average FRC of a female?

A

1800 ml

41
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced epiratory volume in 1 second

42
Q

What is FEV1/FRC?

A

Fraction of functional residual capacity expired in 1 second

43
Q

What volume of air is found in anatomical dead space?

A

150 ml

44
Q

What is FVC?

A

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a full inhalation.

45
Q

What is FEV1/FVC?

A

This represents the proportion of a person’s vital capacity that they are able to expire in the first second of forced expiration to the full vital capacity

46
Q

How can FEV1/FVC be used when investigating lung disease?

A

The ratio can be used to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disease

Respiratory Physiology, Medicine and Critical Care (42 decks)

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