What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen with anaphylaxis
Type I (one)
T or F: Animals are born with adaptive immunity?
False: adaptive immunity changes and adapts as an animal grows and develops - it is always changing.
Name two physical barriers in the first line of defense of the immune system.
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Describe a pathogen & give an example.
Pathogen: it is an organism that causes disease - often these are microscopic.
Examples: Bacteria Virus Fungus Protozoa
Name three superficial lymph nodes felt on physical examination of an animal.
Submandibular Prescapular Axillary Inguinal Popliteal
Where do T cells migrate after the red bone marrow?
Thymus – think T cell as in THYMUS.
Explain the difference between antibody & antigen.
Antigen: it is a substance/chemical/organism that can stimulate an immune response.
Antibody - also known as immunoglobulins - produced by B cells when one of the animals’ cells has come in to contact with an antigen.
What are signs of inflammation?
Redness Swelling Heat Pain Loss of function
Describe the 5 steps of phagocytosis
- ) Chemotaxis - movement of a cell towards the problem in response to chemical stimulation. Pseudopods/”arms” reach out towards the pathogen at the problem site.
- ) Adherence - “own” cell attaches to pathogen
- ) Ingestion - “own” cell envelopes pathogen and place them in a vesicle (phagosome) within host/ animal cell. Animal cell produces lysozymes
- ) Digestion - lysozyme digests/breaks down pathogen within the phagosome
- ) Elimination - animal cell releases debri after digestion. Animal cell saves some pieces to help alert immune system in case other pathogens return.
T or F: Natural killer cells are part of the adaptive immune system.
False - they are part of the innate immune system.
