What are mono aspic acids?
Each molecule can release one proton
Di basic acids?
Each can release two protons
What are hydronium ions?
H3O+, formed when acid added that waged, water molecule accept protons, can be used to represent h+ in aqueous solutions
What is an acid base pair?
Set of two species that transform into each other y gain or loss of protons
How do you calculate strong acids pH?
H+ = HA
How do you calculate weak acids?
H+ = ✅(Ka)HA
Calculate Kw?
H+(OH-)
1x10-14
Calculate pH of strong bases?
OH = base conc, -log(OH
14-pOH
How is buffer formed?
Weak acid partially dissociates, salt dissociates completely to generate conjugate base, so large reservoir of weak acid and large reservoir of conjugate base
How does buffer act if acid is added?
Conjugate base removes acid, reacts with H+ to form acid, equilibrium shifts to left
How does buffer act if alkali added?
H+ reacts with OH- released, HA dissociates to restore H+, equilibrium shifts right
Calculate buffer pH
H+ = Ka x HA/A-
How is indicator chosen for a titration?
Chosen so pH value of end point is as close as possible to pH of equivalence point
