1
Q
- Difference between a measured value and the “true” or “known” value
A
Error
2
Q
denotes the estimated uncertainty in a measurement or experiment
A
Error
3
Q
caused by faulty calibrations or standardizations or by random variations and uncertainties in results
A
Error
4
Q
- The difference between the measured value and the true value
A
Absolute error
5
Q
Xm?
A
measured
6
Q
Xe?
A
true
7
Q
The absolute error divided by the true value
A
Relative Errors
8
Q
- May be expressed in percent, parts per thousand, or parts per million, depending on the magnitude of the result
A
relative errors
9
Q
is reflected by its precision
A
Random Error
10
Q
- Indeterminate error
- Causes data to be scattered more or less symmetrically around a mean value
A
Random error
11
Q
- Determinate error
- Causes the mean of a data set to differ from the accepted value
A
systematic error
12
Q
in a series of replicate measurements causes all the results to be too high or too low
A
systematic error
13
Q
- Often the product of human errors
- Lead to outliers
A
Gross error
14
Q
Caused by nonideal instrument behavior, by faulty calibrations, or by use under inappropriate conditions.
A
Instrumental errors
15
Q
Arise from nonideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical systems
A
Method errors
16
Q
- Result from the carelessness, inattention, or personal limitations of the experimenter
- Mainly from own judgment
A
Personal error
17
Q
- independent of the size of the sample being analyzed
A
constant errors
18
Q
- Decrease or increase in proportion to the size of the sample
A
proportional errors
ANACHEM
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