Anatomy

Question 1

what are the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 1

Erector Spinae

Transversospinalis

Question 2

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Neurone

Question 3

What are the two main types of neurone?

Answer 3

Multipolar

Unipolar

Question 4

What do multipolar neurones normally do?

Answer 4

Innervate skeletal muscle and are responsible for the autonomic nervous system

Question 5

Where is the cell body of multipolar neurones found?

Answer 5

In the Central Nervous system

Question 6

What do Unipolar neurones do?

Answer 6

Sensory receptors

Question 7

Where is the cell body found in unipolar neurones?

Answer 7

The cell body is found in the peripheral nervous system

Question 8

What neurone is afferent and what neurone is efferent?

Answer 8

Multipolar - efferent

Unipolar - afferent

Question 9

What does efferent and afferent mean?

Answer 9

Efferent - effectively moving something

Afferent- aouch - sensory

Question 10

What is a nerve?

Answer 10

Collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 11

Name the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 11

I Olfactory

II Optic

III Oculomotor

IV Trochlear

V Trigeminal

VI Abducent

VII Facial

VIII Vestibulocochlear

IX Glossopharyngeal nerve

X Vagus

XI Spinal Accessory nerve

XII Hypoglossal nerve

Question 12

What are the special sensory nerves?

Answer 12

Olfactory

Optic

Vestibulocochlear

Question 13

What are the motor cranial nerves?

Answer 13

Oculomotor

Trochlear

abducent

spinal accessory

Hypoglossal

Question 14

What cranial nerves have both a sensory and motor component ?

Answer 14

Trigeminal nerve

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Vagus Nerve

Question 15

Where do you find spinal nerves?

Answer 15

Only in the intervertebral foramen

Question 16

Do sensory axons pass into the posterior or anterior horn of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

All sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve into the poterior horn

Question 17

What do sensory axons travel through starting at the spinal nerve>

Answer 17

Dorsal root ganglion

Posterior roots

Posterior rootlets

Posterior horn

Question 18

Where motor axons travel from starting from the spinal cord and ending at the spinal nerve?

Answer 18

Anterior horn

Anterior rootlets

Anterior root

Spinal nerve

Question 19

What does each spinal nerve pair supply to each body segment?

Answer 19

General sensory supply

Somatic motor to skeletal muscles

Sympathetic nerve supply to the skin and to the smooth muscles of arterioles

Question 20

What is a dermatome?

Answer 20

Area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 21

What is a myotome?

Answer 21

The skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 22

What dermatome is located at the male nipple?

Answer 22

T4

Question 23

What dermatome is at the umbilicus?

Answer 23

T10

Question 24

What dermatomes supply the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

Answer 24

C2 C3 C4

Question 25

What dermatomes are involved in the upper limb?

Answer 25

C5 - T1

Question 26

What anterior rami form the cervical plexus?

Answer 26

c1-c4

Question 27

What anterior rami form the brachial plexus?

Answer 27

C5-T1

Question 28

What anterior rami form the lumbar plexus?

Answer 28

L1-L4

Question 29

What anterior rami form the Sacral plexus?

Answer 29

L5-S4

Question 30

At what vertebral level is the sympathetic chain?

Answer 30

T1 to L2

Question 31

How the presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the central nervous system?

Answer 31

Some cranial nerves Sacral Spinal nerves

Question 32

What spinal nerves let presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the central nervous system?

Answer 32

Oculomotor nerve Facial Glossopharyngeal Vagus

Question 33

How does parasympathic supply get to the eye?

Answer 33

Via the ciliary ganglion

Question 34

How do the organs of the neck, chest and midgut get parasympathetic supply?

Answer 34

vagus nerve

Question 35

How does the hindgut, pelvis and perineum get its parasympathetic supply?

Answer 35

Via the sacral spinal nerves

Question 36

What is horner's syndrome?

Answer 36

Impaired sympathic innervation to head and neck Miosis ptosis anhydrosis increased warmth and redness

Question 37

What are the names of the three parts of the trapezius muscle?

Answer 37

Descending Transverse Ascending

Question 38

What muscle is commonly responsible for lower back pain

Answer 38

Erector Spinae

Question 39

What do the extrinsic back muscles do ?

Answer 39

Move upper limb

Question 40

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 40

Rhomboids Trapezius Latissimus dorsi levator scapule

Question 41

What do the intrinsic back muscles do?

Answer 41

Maintain back posture Move spine

Question 42

Where does the erector spinae attatch?

Answer 42

Inferirorly to the sacrum and the iliac crest Superiorly to either a rib or a vertebrae

Question 43

Where do you find the transversospinalis?

Answer 43

Found within the grooves between the transverse and spinous processes

Question 44

How are the muscles of the back aranged? (axial Image)

Answer 44

Question 45

What muscles flex the spine?

Answer 45

Psoas major and rectus abdominis

Question 46

What muscles extend the spine?

Answer 46

Erector spinae and transversospinalis

Question 47

What do you call the space between vertebrae that the spinal nerves pass through?

Answer 47

Intervertberal foramen

Question 48

What are the tough parts of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 48

Annulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus

Question 49

What are the three ligament strips associated with the spinal cord?

Answer 49

Ligamentum flavum posterior longitudinal ligament anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 50

What are the two ligaments associated with the spinous processes ?

Answer 50

Question 51

What is special about C1's shape?

Answer 51

It does not have a body or a spinous process instead it has an anterior arch and a posterior arch

Question 52

What is special about C2's shape?

Answer 52

It has an odontoid process which projects superiorly from the body

Question 53

What is the first palpable spinous process ( normally )

Answer 53

C7

Question 54

What joint is responsible for flexion and extension of the neck?

Answer 54

Atlanto-occipital join

Question 55

What joint is responsible for turning your head?

Answer 55

Atlanto-axial joints

Question 56

What spinal nerve root levels make up the femoral nerve?

Answer 56

L2 L3 L4

Question 57

What supplies cutaneous innervation over the spine?

Answer 57

Posterior parts of the back dermatomes are supplied by posterior rami.

Question 58

How do you test C5 myotome?

Answer 58

Abduction

Question 59

How do you test C7 myotome?

Answer 59

Adduction

Question 60

How do you test c8 myotome?

Answer 60

Finger flexion

Question 61

How do you test c7 myotome?

Answer 61

Finger Extension

Question 62

How do you test T1 myotome?

Answer 62

Adduction

Question 63

How do you test L2,L3 myotome?

Answer 63

hip flexion

Question 64

How do you test L5 and S1 myotome?

Answer 64

Hip extension