lithium > anode > Flashcards

anode Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Term

A

Definition

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2
Q
A
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2
Q

how aniOnic doping works

A

replace oxygen with flourine clorine or sulfur

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3
Q

Anode Active Material

A

The key material hosting lithium ions during charge (e.g., graphite, silicon).

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4
Q

Graphite (Natural)

A

Crystalline, mined carbon for anodes, good stability, lower cost; susceptible to expansion.

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5
Q

Graphite (Synthetic)

A

Heat-processed, purer crystalline carbon; better stability, higher cost than natural graphite.

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6
Q

Hard Carbon

A

Amorphous/disordered carbon for anode, used in sodium and specialty Li-ion batteries.

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7
Q

Soft Carbon

A

Less graphitizable carbon, used for faster cycling but lower capacity.

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8
Q

Carbon Black

A

Conductive additive to boost electron transport through the anode.

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9
Q

Acetylene Black

A

High-performance conductive carbon additive similar to carbon black.

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10
Q

Super P

A

Trade name carbon additive for conductivity improvement.

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11
Q

Silicon

A

Next-generation high-capacity anode; challenges with expansion and cycle stability.

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12
Q

Silicon Oxide (SiOx)

A

Composite material for balancing capacity with reduced expansion.

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13
Q

Silicon-Graphite Composite

tesla

A

Hybrid structure combining high capacity of Si with stability of graphite.

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14
Q

Tin-Based Anode

capacity

A

Anode using tin and tin oxides for conversion reaction, good theoretical capacity.

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15
Q

Lithium Titanate (LTO)

ed v $

A

Spinel-structured, highly stable, rapid charging, low voltage, safe but lower energy density.

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16
Q

Lithium Metal Anode

A

Pure lithium foil; very high capacity, risks dendrites and safety.

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17
Q

Copper Foil

A

Current collector for anode; supports active material and conducts electrons.

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18
Q

Binder (Anode)

Great Scientists Have Learned Many Things

A

Polymer such as PVDF, CMC, or SBR, holds electroactive/active material on copper foil.

Graphite
Silicon-based
Hard carbon
Lithium titanate (LTO)
Metal lithium
Tin-based

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19
Q

Porosity (Anode)

A

Fraction of open space in anode structure; affects ion diffusion and packing density.

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20
Q

Anode Slurry

pb cas - film

A

Mixture of active powder, binder, conductive additive, and solvent for film formation.

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21
Q

Drying Oven (Anode)

A

Equipment for solvent removal after slurry coating.

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22
Q

Calendering (Anode)

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A

Mechanical compression to densify and smooth the anode film.

23
Q

Particle Size Distribution (Anode)

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A

The range of particle sizes, influences cycling and packing efficiency.

24
Surface Coating (Anode)
Engineered protective or functional coatings (carbon, polymers) to stabilize cycling.
25
SEI Formation (Anode)
Creation of solid electrolyte interphase on anode surface, essential for lifetime and safety.
26
Lithium Plating
Dangerous deposition of lithium metal on anode during fast charging or low temp.
27
Volume Expansion
The increase in material size (notably Si) during lithium insertion, stress/aging factor.
28
Conductive Polymer Additive
Advances in conductivity and flexibility for next-gen anodes.
29
Morphology Control (Anode)
Tuning of granule structure for improved cycle life and rate.
30
Composite Structure (Anode)
Mixes multiple active materials; balances performance, life, cost.
31
Doping (Anode)
Addition of elements (e.g., nitrogen, boron) to tune conductivity and cycle stability.
32
Conversion Reaction Anode
Anode material undergoing chemical conversion during cycling (e.g. SnO2, Fe2O3).
33
Alloying Reaction Anode
Stores lithium by forming alloys (e.g., Li-Si, Li-Sn).
34
Intercalation Reaction Anode
Inserts lithium in lattice layers, classic graphite operation.
35
High-Entropy Oxide Anode
Novel composite oxide alloys; offer improved cycling and stability.
36
Advanced Carbon Structures
Includes carbon nanotubes, graphene, diamond-like coatings for high conductivity and life.
37
Diamond-like Carbon
Improves retention and cycle life when coated on traditional anodes.
38
Nanowire Anode | Siliicone
1D nanostructured silicon/metal wires for high performance, improved expansion management.
39
Core-Shell Structure (Anode)
Anode granules with different core/shell materials to reduce cracking and improve cycling.
40
Single-Crystal Anode
Made from one simultaneous crystal for fracture resistance, advanced aging stability.
41
Polycrystalline Anode
Multiple crystal domains; lower cost, can crack more easily under cycling.
42
Oxygen Vacancy (Anode)
Lattice defect which affects Li insertion, conductivity, cycle life.
43
Passivation (Anode)
Formation of stable surface films to prevent unwanted reactions and improve safety.
44
Anode Cost
The sum of cost for active materials, copper foil, binders, carbon, energy, yield, and process QC.
45
Precursor Cost (Anode)
Raw materials and synthesis steps for anode active powder (graphite, silicon, tin).
46
Purity Specification (Anode)
Extent to which active anode materials are free from impurities.
47
Sourcing (Anode)
Supply chain dynamics for graphite, silicon, copper foils, and additive availability.
48
Recycling Content (Anode)
Proportion of recovered/recycled carbon, copper, or Si used in new anode production.
49
Current Collector Tab (Anode)
Metal extension welded to copper foil for pack/cell connection.
50
Outgassing (Anode)
Gas release from decomposition/side reactions, safety and cycle issue.
51
Defect (Anode)
Cracks, pits, inconsistencies in film—reduce life, increase losses.
52
Diagnostic Testing (Anode)
Laboratory checks on capacity, resistance, aging process, stability.
53
Cyclability (Anode)
The ability of an anode to survive many cycles of lithium insertion/extraction.
54
Aging Mechanism (Anode)
Specific causes of performance loss such as SEI growth, cracking, expansion, loss of Li.
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