AP Human Geo: Chapter 2

Question 1

67. Demography

Answer 1

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Question 2

68. Overpopulation

Answer 2

A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Question 3

69. Census

Answer 3

A complete enumeration of a population.

Question 4

70. Ecumene

Answer 4

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Question 5

71. Arithmetic Density

Answer 5

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Question 6

72. Physiological Density

Answer 6

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Question 7

73. Agricultural Density

Answer 7

The ration of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Question 8

74. Crude Birth Rates

Answer 8

(CBR) The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.

Question 9

75. Crude Death Rates

Answer 9

(CDR) The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.

Question 10

76. Natural Increase Rates

Answer 10

(NIR) The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Question 11

77. Doubling Time

Answer 11

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Question 12

78. Total Fertility Rate

Answer 12

(TFR) The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Question 13

79. Population Pyramid

Answer 13

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex.

Question 14

80. Dependency Ratio

Answer 14

the number of people under age 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Question 15

81. Sex Ratio

Answer 15

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 16

82. Demographic Transistion

Answer 16

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rates of natural increase, and higher total population.

Question 17

83. Industrial Revolution

Answer 17

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Question 18

84. Medical Revolution

Answer 18

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional cause of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

Question 19

85. Zero Population Growth

Answer 19

(ZPG) A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increases rate equals zero.

Question 20

86. Epidemiological Transition

Answer 20

Distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Question 21

87. Epidemiology

Answer 21

The branch of medical science concerned with the incident, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.

Question 22

88. Pandemic

Answer 22

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Question 23

89. Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 23

(IMR) The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1000 live births in a society.

Question 24

90. Life Expectancy

Answer 24

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.