Model
an abstraction of an entity in a real world or in the problem that enables an automated solution. The abstraction is a representation of the problem that leaves out unnecessary detail.
State history
consists of state descriptions a each of a chronological succession of instants
Entities
the components that make up a system
Attributes
a property of an object, e.g. an object car has attribues make, model, steering wheel, radio, engine, gearbox etc. Some of these attributews are objects themselves.
Pseudo-random numbers
a series of numbers generated by computer with apparent randomness