Fourteen Technical processes
· Business or mission analysis
· Stakeholder needs and requirements definition
· System requirements definition
· Architecture definition
· Design definition
· System analysis
· Implementation
· Integration
· Verification
· Transition
· Validation
· Operation
· Maintenance
· Disposal
Eight technical management processes
· Project planning
· Project assessment and control
· Decision management
· Risk management
· Configuration management
· Information management
· Measurement
· Quality assurance
Two agreement processes
· Acquisition
· Supply
Six organizational project-enabling processes
· Life cycle model management
· Infrastructure management
· Portfolio management
· Human resource management
· Quality management
· Knowledge management
A black box view Vs White Box View
A black box view is based on an external view of a system (attributes). A white box view is based in an internal view of a system (attributes and structure of the elements).
Three aspects of the life cycle:
· Business (the business case)
· Budget (funding)
· Technical (product)
Decision gates address the following:
· Does the project deliverable still satisfy the business case?
· Is it affordable?
· Can it be delivered when needed?
Generic life cycle stages
· Concept
· Development
· Production
· Utilisation
· Support
· Retirement
Life cycle approaches:
· Waterfall
· Spiral
· Vee
Evolutionary approach
In an evolutionary approach, we have:
- requirements are not known from the beginning;
- typically multiple deployments; and
- planned multiple iterations.
Incremental approach
In an incremental approach, we have:
- requirements are known from the beginning;
- potential multiple deployments; and
- planned multiple iterations.
Sequential approach
In a sequential approach, we have:
- requirements are known from the beginning;
- single deployment; and
- single planned iteration.
The Concept of Operations (ConOps)
The Concept of Operations (ConOps) describes the way the organization should operate to achieve its missions, objectives and goals.
two types of uncertainty
- Epistemic (knowledge-based, reducible).
- Aleatory (randomness-based, irreducible).
State
When a system is in a state, it implies that its attributes are presenting steady values over a meaningful period of time
Mode
A mode refers to a specific operational configuration of the system that can perform a set of functions to a determined extent, but it does not specifically imply that the system’s attributes present steady values over time.
Implementation process
The implementation process has the purpose to realize a system element previously specified. Pay attention to the bold terms to differentiate this process from the integration process.
What is the difference between a system ‘state’ and a ‘mode’ as defined in the handbook?
States relate to configurations; modes refer to operational capabilities of the system.
What is a defining characteristic of a principle, as opposed to a heuristic in SE?
Principles transcend system types and contexts and are supported by literature or practice. - Heuristics offer informal rules where formal models or full knowledge fall short
What is the main idea behind Critical Systems Thinking (CST)?
Combining multiple systems methodologies based on the problem situation
Which statement best describes the “virtuous cycle” of SE, systems science, and systems thinking?
SE, systems thinking, and systems science form a reinforcing cycle of learning and improvement.
What is the primary role of the Portfolio Management process in INCOSE’s system life cycle framework?
To select, authorize, and monitor projects based on alignment with strategic objectives
What is the relationship between Quality Management and Quality Assurance in the INCOSE model?
Quality Assurance and Quality Control are two key prevention methods under the broader QM umbrella.
What is the central goal of the Knowledge Management (KM) process in INCOSE’s system life cycle framework?
To capture, manage, and share organizational knowledge for re-use and continuous improvement
