Q.
What are 3 types of Arteriosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis
- Arteriolosclerosis
- Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
What is atherosclerosis
intimal plaque that obstructs blood flow
What is composed of the intimal plaque of atherosclerosis?
What can this undergo?
- necrotic lipid core, mostly cholesterol
- fibromuscular cap
- can undergo dystrophic calcification
Atherosclerosis involves what type of vessels and which are the most common
large- and medium- sized arteries
- abdominal aorta
- coronary artery
- popliteal artery
- internal carotid artery
What are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
hypertension
hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia
smoking
diabetes
What are non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis
- increase with age
- gender - males and postmenopausal women, estrogen is protective
- genetics- highly predictive
What is the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
- damage endothelium
- lipids leak into intima
- lipds oxidized
- consumed by macrophages via scavenger receptors making foam cells
- inflammation/healing –> deposition of extracellular matrix and proliferation of smooth muscle
The beginning morphological state of atherosclerosis is what and who is it commonly seen in?
fatty streaks- fat yellow lesions of intima consisting of lipid-laden macrophages
Seen in teenagers
what do fatty streaks in atherosclerosis lead to?
atherosclerotic sclerotic plaque
Stenosis of medium-sized vessels results in
ischemia
impaired blood flow
Stenosis of coronary artery leads to what
angina
Stenosis of mesenteric arteries leads to what
Ischemic bowel disease
what vessels does plaque rupture with thrombosis occur to have a myocardial infarction and stroke
MI: coronary
Stroke: middle cerebral artery
Plaque rupture with embolization results in atherosclerotic emboli, characterize the embolus
cholesterol crystals
Weakening of the vessel wall results in what?
aneurysm
What are 4 complications of atherosclerosis
- ischemia
- thrombosis
- embolization
- aneurysm
what is ateriolosclerosis
narrowing of small arterioles
What are the types of ateriolosclerosis
- Hyperplastic
2. Hyaline
What causes hyaline arteriolosclerosis
protein leaking to vessel wall
-produce vascular thickening
what does hyaline arteriolosclerosis look like under microscopy
pink hyaline
what are 2 diseases that can cause hyaline ateriosclerosis? what do these usually result in
- Benign hypertension
- Diabetes
- reduces vessel caliber with end organ ischemia
- glomerular scarring - arteriolonephrosclerosis –> chronic renal faliure
What is hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
thickening of vessel wall by hyperplasia of smooth muscle
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is a consequence of what
malignant hypertension
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis results in what
reduced vessel caliber with end-organ ischemia
