ATP

Question 1

What is energy needed for within the body?

Answer 1

• keeping warm
• muscle contractions
• chemical reactions
• body processes eg. cell growth, respiration

Question 2

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 2

adenosine tri-phosphate

Question 3

What is the structure of ATP?

Answer 3

• ribose sugar
• 2 rings of adenine (purine base)
• 3 phosphate groups

Question 4

What happens to the third phosphate group during ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 4

The covalent bond between phosphate groups has a low activation energy, which means it can easily be broken. When it breaks, it releases a useful amount of energy with little lost as heat

Question 5

What is the equation for ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 5

ATP + H2O -> ADP (adenosine diphosphate) + inorganic phosphate + energy released

Question 6

What enzyme is used in ATP hydrolysis?

Answer 6

ATP hydrolase

Question 7

What is the equation for ATP condensation?

Answer 7

ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy -> ATP + H2O

Question 8

What enzyme is used in ATP condensation?

Answer 8

ATP synthase

Question 9

Why is ATP a more suitable energy source than glucose?

Answer 9

• releases energy on hydrolysis, this is only a 1 step reaction compared to several reactions in respiration
• can be readily moved/stored/broken down when needed
• allows energy to be released in useful amounts
• reversible reaction

Question 10

When is ATP resynthesised in cells?

Answer 10

During respiration or photosynthesis

Question 11

How is the hydrolysis of ATP used in cells?

Answer 11

• provides energy for reactions
• adds phosphate to other substances to make them more reactive

Question 12

What is the inorganic phosphate used for after hydrolysis?

Answer 12

phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive