b4.1 adaptation to environment

Question 1

habitat

Answer 1

a place in which a community, species, population or organisms lives

Question 2

abiotic factors

Answer 2

non-living things in the habitat

Question 3

eg of abiotic factors [2]

Answer 3

1. temperature
2. water

Question 4

coral reef mutualistic relationship

Answer 4

zooxanthellae that provides coral with sugar

Question 5

conditions required for coral reef formation [5]

Answer 5

1. depth- enough light for photosynthesis
2. pH- allow calcium carbonate deposit and form skeleton of hard coral
3. salinity- avoid osmotic problems
4. clarity- allow light to penetrate for photosynthesis
5. temperature- ensure both coral and zooxanthellae remain healthy

Question 6

distribution maps

Answer 6

• reflect how abiotic factors affect species
• work out what adaptations species have to help them survive in the environment

Question 7

biomes

Answer 7

groups of ecosystems with similar communities that resemble each other, even though they may be widely separated in the world

Question 8

why do biomes exist

Answer 8

convergent evolution
- similar abiotic conditions and organisms evolved similar adaptations but never mixed their genetic material

Question 9

tropical forest

Answer 9

temp- high
precipitation- high
light intensity- high
seasonal variation- minimal

Question 10

temperate forest

Answer 10

temp- medium
precipitation- medium
light intensity- medium
seasonal variation- present

Question 11

taiga

Answer 11

temp- low
precipitation- medium
light intensity- medium
seasonal variation- high

Question 12

hot desert

Answer 12

temp- high
precipitation- very low
light intensity- high
seasonal variation- minimal

Question 13

grassland

Answer 13

temp- medium
precipitation- medium
light intensity- medium
seasonal variation- dry vs cold

Question 14

tundra

Answer 14

temp- very low
precipitation- low
light intensity- low
seasonal variation- short summer, cold winter

Question 15

adaptations for lyme grass [4]

Answer 15

environment- sand dunes
1. low nutrient availability → vertical and lateral roots + highly salt tolerant
2. wind → roots + shoots to anchor on sandy soil
3. thick shiny leaves that can curl → prevent water loss
4. can tolerate a range of pH and temperature

Question 16

adaptations for mangrove tree [4]

Answer 16

environment- mangrove swamps
1. high salt conc → root membranes filter water + leaves excrete excess salt
2. tides → aerial roots for stability
3. extreme heat → trunks store water + thick, waxy cuticles that prevent water loss
4. can tolerate a range of pH levels

Question 17

adaptations for cactus [3]

Answer 17

environment- hot desert
low precipitation
1. deep tap roots to access water
2. spines instead of leaves (less sa to water leaves slower)
3. stems to store water

Question 18

adaptations for jaguar [5]

Answer 18

environment- tropical rainforest
1. camouflage
2. large claws
3. night vision
4. good swimmers
5. nocturnal