Basic Anatomy

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue, what are their appearance and which are voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Answer 1

• Skeletal - striated - voluntary
• Cardiac - stripped - involuntary
• Smooth - smooth - involuntary

Question 2

What are the 6 functions of the muscular system?

Answer 2

• Mobility
• Respiration
• Circulation
• Organ Protection
• Stability
• Temperature regulation

Question 3

What are the 5 classifications of skeletal muscles and describe them?

Answer 3

• Fusiform - Central muscle belly which converges into a tendon at one or both ends.
• Parallel - Muscle fibres that are parallel to each other.
• Pennate - Muscles attached to a central tendon which resembles a leaf or feather.
• Orbicular - A sphincter like sheet of muscle that encircles and orifice such as the eye or mouth.
• Convergent - Triangular muscle that eminent from a large area and converge onto one attachment.

Question 4

What percentage of water, salt and protein are in muscle tissue?

Answer 4

• Water - 70%
• Salt - 7%
• Protein - 23%

Question 5

Describe Type 1 and Type 2 muscle fibres.

Answer 5

• Type 1 - slow twitch - high mitochondria - high aerobically
• Type 2 - fast twitch - low mitochondria - high anaerobically

Question 6

Describe the excitation coupling process.

Answer 6

• The electrical impulse reaches the muscle fibre at the neuromuscular junction
• Next, the chemical acetylcholine (ACH) is released
• This triggers an action potential causing a cascade of
  calcium ions to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
• This ultimately result in a muscle movement

Question 7

What are the 3 muscle contractions?

Answer 7

• Concentric - The muscle becomes shorter and fatter
• Isometric - The muscle stays the same length
• eccentric - The muscle becomes longer and thinner

Question 8

What are the different type of bones?

Answer 8

• Long bone
• Short bone
• Sesamoid bone
• Flat bone
• Irregular bone

Question 9

What are the different types of synovial joints?

Answer 9

• Hinge
• Ball and socket
• Pivot
• Saddle
• Condyloid
• Plane

Question 10

Name the bones in the wrist.

Answer 10

• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetral
• Pisiform
• Trapezium
  -Trapezoid
• Capate
• Hamate

Question 11

Name the bones in the foot.

Answer 11

• Calcaneus
• Talus
• Cuboid
• Navicular
• Medial, Intermedial, Lateral cuneiform

Question 12

What are the 3 planes of motions with examples?

Answer 12

• Frontal plane - Adduction
• Sagittal plane - Flexion
• Transverse plane - External rotation