Basic First Aid

Question 1

What should you consider during a casualty assessment that is conscious?

Answer 1

• relevant information that caused the medical emergency
• signs (what you can see)
• symptoms (what can they tell you)
• AMPLE

Question 2

What is AMPLE?

Answer 2

A - allergies
M - medication
P - previous medical history
L - last ate and drank
E - environment

Question 3

Response assessment for dealing with unconsciousness?

Answer 3

AVPU (the further down the scale, the more serious the situation is)

Question 4

What does AVPU stand for?

Answer 4

A - Alert - (pinch ears, touch collarbones, touch sternum) (baby - blow in face/ scratch foot)
V - Voice
P - Pain
U - Unresponsive

Question 5

What is the primary assessment (DCRABC)?

Answer 5

D - Danger to yourself, bystanders and the casualty
C - Catastrophic bleed - deal with this
R - Response (AVPU)
shout for help
A - Airway - open airways, tilt head and lift chin
B - Breathing - listening/ watching for breathing for 10 seconds 2/3 breaths
confirm help, 999, defibrillator
C - Circulation - hold finger tips and check whether colour returns

Question 6

CPR (5, 30, 2, 100-120, 5-6cm, 1/3, 2, 1, 2)

Answer 6

5 - initial rescue breaths on child, baby or drowning adult
30 - compression pumps
2 - rescue breaths
100-120 - compression beats per minute (2 per second)
5-6 cm - depth of compression on adult
1/3 - depth on child/ baby
2 - hands (adult/ puberty +)
1 - hand (child below puberty)
2 - fingers (baby up to 12 months)

Question 7

When can you stop CPR?

Answer 7

• medical professionals tell you to stop
• signs of life
• exhausted/ danger re presents itself

Question 8

If a casualty is unconscious but breathing, what should you do with them?

Answer 8

• put them in the recovery position

Question 9

What safety considerations should you have when using a defibrillator?

Answer 9

• ensure noone is touching casualty during shock
• remove any jewellry, nictoine patches and plasters if possible
• consider underwired bras
• chest should be dry
• move oxygen 1 m away during shock
• shave area if particularly hairy
• pacemakers

Question 10

If someone is choking, what should you ask them?

Answer 10

• are you choking?
• can you cough?
• can I help you?

Question 11

How do you help a choking person?

Answer 11

• 5 back blows
• 5 abdominal thrusts
  REPEAT
• chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts if pregnant, obese or a baby
• two hands adults, one hand children, two fingers babies

Question 12

What are the signs for shock?

Answer 12

• pale, cold, clammy skin
• sweating
• rapid, shallow breathing
• weakness and diziness
• feeling sick or vomiting
• thirst
• yawning
• sighing

Question 13

What should you do if you suspect someone is going into shock?

Answer 13

• call 999 immediately
• treat injuries
• lay them down
• raise their legs
• keep them warm
• do not let them eat or drink
• be prepared to start CPR

Question 14

When should you call an ambulance if someone has fainted?

Answer 14

• if they are out for more than a minute
• should lay them down and raise their legs

Question 15

What does ACTION mean in relation to treating seizures?

Answer 15

A - assess the situation, remove any nearby objects that could cause injury
C - cushion the casualties head to protect them from a head injury
T - time, if the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes should call an ambulance
I - identity, look for medical bracelet/ id card
O - over, put the casualty into recovery position
N - never restrain the person, put something in their mouth or give them food or drink