- Which of these statements are true regarding pre-anesthetic fasting in rodents?
a. Pre-anesthetic fasting is necessary and it should be minimum 12 hours.
b. Pre-anesthetic fasting is generally unnecessary unless the experimental procedure requires it.
c. Pre-anesthetic fasting is necessary and it should be more than 6 hours in small rodents.
d. Water should not be withheld prior to anesthesia.
b & d are true
- Which of these is not one of the main effects of the administration of anticholinergic agents such atropine and glycopyrrolate?
a. Mydriasis.
b. Bradycardia.
c. Decreased intestinal motility.
d. Decreased urinary bladder and urethral tone.
b
- The route of elimination for atropine is via ester hydrolyzing enzymes, hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion. What species has higher levels of circulating esterase enzymes in their plasma resulting in a reduced duration of action of atropine, requiring more frequent dosing?
rabbits
What type of receptors can block phenothiazine tranquilizers?
dopamine-1 receptors.
dopamine-2 receptors.
histamine receptors.
cholinergic muscarinic receptors.
- True or False: Phenothiazines posses analgesic and muscle-relaxant properties.
False
- What of these benzodiazepines can be mixed with other anesthetic agents such as ketamine due to its water-solubility?
a. Diazepam
b. Midazolam.
b
- True or False: Alpha 2-agonists provide muscle relaxation and analgesia.
True
- Which of the following drugs has more selectivity to alpha-2 receptors than alpha-1 receptors?
a. Clonidine.
b. Detomidine.
c. Xylazine.
d. Medetomidine.
d
- There is risk of bradycardia when administered alpha2-agonists with opioids. Is it recommended the administration of anticholinergic agents to reduce it?
No, can cause dysrhythmias
- True or False: Buprenorphine is classified as a full agonist.
F. Is classified as a agonist-antagonist or partial agonist, with partial agonist actions to the mu receptors and antagonist actions at the kappa and delta receptors.
- What of these is not a full agonist.
a. Butorphanol.
b. Hydromorphone.
c. Fentanyl.
butorphanol
- Side effects of buprenorphine in rabbits and rodents include ileus, pica and loss of appetite.
True
23 True or False: Morphine can be used as epidural agent.
True
- Which of these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are non-selective COX inhibitors.
a. Ketoprofen.
b. Carprofen.
c. Meloxicam.
ketoprofen
- Why self-mutilation can occur with intramuscular injection of ketamine?
Due to its low pH, that causes pain and irritation.
- True or False: Propofol has a low clearance rate.
F. Has a high clearance rate.
- True or False: Pentobarbital only has sedative-hypnotic and anesthetic properties.
F, has can be utilized as anticonvulsant.
- True or False: Inhalation anesthetics have low blood/gas solubility in blood and body tissues.
True
- Which of these isn’t an advantage of the use of induction chambers?
a. Low-cost equipment.
b. Minimal resistance to breathing.
c. High flow rates.
c
- What is the different between breathing circuits and non-reabreathing systems?
The purpose of breathing circuits is to provide the patient with oxygen and inhalant while simultaneously removing carbon dioxide. Rebreathing systems are used for larger animals (>7 kg). Non-rebreathing systems are the most commonly used systems in biomedical research for small rodents and animals. This type of system relies on a relatively high, fresh gas flow rate to remove carbon dioxide, and the amount of rebreathing that occurs is largely dependent upon this flow rate.
- True or False: an arterial carbon dioxide value below 35 mmHg may indicate hypoventilation.
True
- What is the most accurate reflex to evaluate depth of anesthetic in rabbits?
Pinna reflex.
