Biosecurity

Question 1

What is the difference between biosecurity and biocontainment

Answer 1

• security: prevention of disease agents entering non-infected farm = bioexclusion
• biocontainment: prevention of disease spreading within an infected farm or leaving the farm

Question 2

Levels of biosecurity

Answer 2

• global
• regional
• national
• local

Question 3

Eg global biosecurity

Answer 3

2011 rinderpest eradication

Question 4

Eg regional biosecurity

Answer 4

• continent
• eg. FMD out of the EU
  > things to consider
• risk assessment (not allowed to import sausages from some places)
• illegal transport (hunting trophies etc)
• public awareness

Question 5

Eg national biosecurity

Answer 5

Protect national livestock population and trade eg. Newcastle disease and avian influenza
- surveillance
- disease control measures
- contingency planning UP TO DATE
> government responsibility
- but some diseases not notifiable (Aujeskys disease in sheep? Eradicated so the sector is in control of these diseases)

Question 6

Aims and methods of local biosecurity

Answer 6

• eradicate
• keep disease free
• risk factors for dz introduction and preventative measures
• reduce impact of introduction

Question 7

How are responsibilities and limitations managed?

Answer 7

> global  and regional (OIE, WTO, EU etc) 
- risk assessment 
- trade 
- financial incentives (eg FMD free -> trade can resume etc.) 
- available resources 
> risks ^ but resources v 
> trade in animal products and dz
> expanding livestock area

Question 8

Who is responsible for national security?

Answer 8

Government

- APHA, DEFRA

Question 9

Limitations Of national security

Answer 9

National boundaries are not secure (eg. Blue tongue can travel 100s miles)

Question 10

How is local biosecurity of pigs implement ed?

Answer 10

72hrs pig free before visiting another pig unit
- FMD can be transported in human lungs ?
> pig and poultry very high biosecurity (shower and change before coming on and off farm)

Question 11

Impact of biosecurity on IBR, BVD, ,salmonella and Jones - what are the risk factors?

Answer 11

risk factors

• more than 100 cows ^ risk for IBR, salmonella and Johnes (statistical relative risk? ^ risk one cow contracting disease)
• introduction of new cows (all dz)
• mixing different herds common grazing (all dz esp BVD)
• professional visitors (IBR, BVD, salmonella)
• present of dogs ^ risk BVDV
• vax against BHV1 ^ risk! (Serology effects or previous infection?)
• v risk JOHNES and Leptospira Hardjo
• ^ herd size ^ risk BHV1, L. Hardjo, BVDV

Question 12

Problems with encouraging farmers to find out disease status and change it?

Answer 12

• accept the losses
• disease status not known and not wanted to be know (limits trading at markets)
• not most important economic loss (hidden losses, don’t know how much more milk and less calf mortality would be seen if BVDV eradicated)

Question 13

How should priorities change when a unit is infected?

Answer 13

• stop worrying about keeping disease out

- focus on minimised WITHIN herd spread

Question 14

Risk factors for spreading disease on farm?

Answer 14

• stocking density
• shared airspace
• transport
• wildlife
• herd size
• production groups
• calf management
• water
• other species
  > disease dependent

Question 15

Which species are main carrier of disease pathogens?

Answer 15

Cows esp calves scouring

Question 16

Which disease are water troughs good at spreading?

Answer 16

Respiratory

- IBR etc

Question 17

Wha tray cause poor calf growth rates??

Answer 17

• PI

- chronic pneumonia or disease

Question 18

Define biosecurity

Answer 18

-