MicroB7 > Block 7 > Flashcards

Block 7 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Leading cause of death in low income countries

A

LRI

Lower respiratory infections

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2
Q

Leading cause of death in high income countries

A

CHD (chronic heart disease)

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3
Q

Number 1 infectious disease related cause of blindness

A

Trachoma

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4
Q

What causes trachoma

A

Chlamydia A, B, and C

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5
Q

3 sterile body sites

A

Blood
CSF
Lower respiratory tract (bc to collect you have to cough it up through many unsterile sites)

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6
Q

KOH prep

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae

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7
Q

Calcoflour white (CFW)

A

Fungi and fungal hyphae (fluorescent)

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8
Q

Gram stain

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

Acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen)

A

Mycobacterium/TB

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10
Q

Wright-giemsa stain

A

Blood smear for WBC, epithelial inclusion bodies, protozoans

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11
Q

Does KOH dissolve keratin

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does KOH dissolve/bind chitin or cellulose

A

No

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13
Q

Dissolves tissues but not fungi cell wall

A

KOH prep

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14
Q

Dissolves tissue and binds to chitin in fungal wall

A

KOH + CWF

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15
Q

4 steps of gram staining

A
  1. Flood with crystal violet
  2. Flood with iodine
  3. Decolorize with alcohol
  4. Counterstain with safranin
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16
Q

What color are gram +

A

Purple

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17
Q

What color are gram negative

A

Red/pink

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18
Q

What is the most common stain used in micro

A

Gram stain

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19
Q

Vast majority of pathogens are

A

Gram - rods

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20
Q

All cocci are ________ except _______and _______

A

Gram positive

Neisseria and Moraxella

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21
Q

Why use acid-alcohol in the acid-fast (Z-N) stain

A

Bc you need a rough acid to strip out and damage the cells wall of everything except acid fast bacteria bc they are the only thing that can stand the acid-alcohol

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22
Q

What is primarily used for mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Acid-fast (Z-N) stain

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23
Q

What test is used to see if inclusion bodies (chlamydia) is in the conj

A

Wright-giemsa stain

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24
Q

What do inclusion bodies look like?

A

Faint purple sacs surrounding the affected dark purple cells

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25
Blood agar
Most bacteria
26
Chocolate agar
Haemophilus | Neisseria
27
Thayer-Martin agar
Neisseria
28
MacConkey agar
Gram - rods
29
Mannitol salt agar
Staphylococci
30
Acid fast | - Lowenstein-Jensen
Mycobacterium ssp. **rule out TB
31
Fungi | - sabouraud agar
Low pH and gentamicin select for fungi
32
Why are you not very concerned if test positive for staph. Epidermidis?
Bc it is usually a skin contaminant
33
MIC - minimal inhibitory concentration
Lowest drudge level that inhibits bacterial replication
34
MBC - minimal bactericidal concentration
Lowest drugs level that kills bacteria
35
How do determine MIC
When. The solution becomes clear
36
How to determine MBC
When the clear solution shows no more growth
37
Which is always greater than or equal to the other, | MIC, MBC?
MBC >/= MIC
38
Neutrophils points to
Bacterial
39
Lymphocytosis or neutropenia suggests
Viral
40
Inflammation suggests
CRP/ESR high
41
Main thing in the cell walls
Peptidoglycan
42
How many layers in gram + cell walls
2
43
Is the peptidoglycan layer thick/thin in gram +
Thick
44
How many layers in gram - cells
3
45
Is the peptidoglycan layer thick/thin in gram - cells
Thin
46
Which cell, gram + or gram -, has LPS
Gram -
47
What part of LPS is endotoxin
Inner lipid a
48
When are endotoxin released
When immune sys lyses GNRs
49
What does endotoxin cause
Systemic inflammation, fever, possible fatal shock
50
Proteins released by replicating microbes
Extoxins
51
Non-protein released when gram - organisms die
Endotoxin (LPS/lipid a)
52
Induces release of proinflammatory cytokines
Endotoxin
53
Enterotoxins are what kind of toxins and where are they found
Exotoxins In gut
54
3 methods that enterotoxins cause diarrhea
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption Activate NaCl secretion Kill intestinal epithelial cells
55
Stimulate proinflammatory cytokine release
Pyrogens exotoxins
56
Complete rbc lysis
Beta-hemolysis
57
Incomplete rbc lysis
Alpha-hemolysis
58
No rbc lysis
Gamma-hemolysis
59
Clear zone of hemolysis around bacterial colonies occurs in which type of hemolysis
Beta-hemolysis
60
Str. Pyogenes/group a strep (GAS)/strep throat is a key example of what type of hemolysis
Beta-hemolysis
61
Which type of hemolysis creates a green halo around bacterial colonies
Alpha-hemolysis
62
What color is mannitol salt agar when positive and why?
Yellow bc of acid
63
What color is MacConkeys agar when positive for lactose
Purple
64
The #1 GNR that ferments lactose
KEE --> but #1 is Escherichia coli
65
Catalase differentiates
Staph form strep
66
Which is positive for catalase?
Staph
67
How do you know if positive for catalase?
Bubbles
68
Coagulate differentiates
Sta. Aureus and coag neg staph
69
Which is positive for coagulase
Sta. Aureus
70
How do you know if positive for coagulase
Doesn't become liquid; becomes more solidified
71
What is the 2nd most common cause of uti
S. Saprophyticus
72
What is the #1 cause of UTI
E. coli
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