Blood Function

Question 1

composition of blood

Answer 1

• plasma (serum, proteins etc) 55%
• RBCs 45%
• leucocytes + platelets <1%

Question 2

Plasma proteins - albumin

Answer 2

• 60% of plasma proteins
• globular
• produced in liver
• 19 day half life
• maintains oncotic pressure
• histidine residues control pH
• binds and transports to different things e.g. bilirubin

Question 3

plasma proteins - globulins

Answer 3

35% of plasma proteins

Question 4

plasma proteins - fibrinogen

Answer 4

• 4% of plasma proteins
• produced in liver + multichained glycoprotein
• half life 3-5 days
• roles in 2° haemostasis and inflammation

Question 5

monocyte specialisation route:

Answer 5

haematopoietic stem cell -> common myeloid progenitor -> myeloblast -> converted to monocyte by IL-3
(same route for other WBCs but w/o IL-3)

Question 6

what converts common myeloid progenitor into megakaryocytes

Answer 6

thrombopoeitin

Question 7

what converts common myeloid progenitor into erythrocytes

Answer 7

erythropoietin

Question 8

what converts lymphoblast to T-lymphocyte

Answer 8

IL-2 and TNF alpha

Question 9

lymphocyte specialisation route:

Answer 9

haematopoietic stem cells -> common lymphoid progenitor -> lymphoblast -> lymphocyte

Question 10

universal blood donor

Answer 10

O

Question 11

universal blood recipient

Answer 11

AB

Question 12

acute haemolytic reaction is caused by…

Answer 12

incompatible ABO transfusion

Question 13

acute haemolytic reaction symptoms

Answer 13

chills, fever, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension, hemoglobinuria

Question 14

haemolytic disease of newborn (HDN)

Answer 14

born with severe anaemia bc rhesus antibodies cross placenta from previous pregnancy and bind.

Question 15

1° haemostasis

Answer 15

vasoconstriction
platelet adhesion + activation
granule release (inc. conc of platelet activators, coag factors, vasoconstrictors)
platelet plug forms

Question 16

just one factor + activation factor

2° haemostasis extrinsic pathway

Answer 16

activated by tissue factor and is factor VII and VIIa

Question 17

remember TENE(T)

2° haemostasis intrinsic pathway

Answer 17

activated by conatact factor and then XII+XIIa, XI+XIa, IX+IXa, VIII+VIIIa

Question 18

2° haemostasis common factor

Answer 18

factor X+Xa, V+Va, II+IIa, I+Ia, XIII+XIIIa

Question 19

anticoagulants that act on intrinsic pathway…

Answer 19

TFPI and protein C

Question 20

anticoagulants that act on common pathway…

Answer 20

antithrombin and protein C

Question 21

use and how it works

TXA

Answer 21

inhibits plasminogen therefore clot not broken down.
- used in post-partum haemorrhage

it’s anti-fibrinolytic

Question 22

tPA function

Answer 22

converts plasminogen to plasmin