Secondary cartilaginous joints have two histological types of cartilage situated between the articulating bony surfaces. Which one of the following best represents the structure of a secondary cartilaginous joint?
c. bone – hyaline cartilage – fibrocartilage - fibrocartilage – hyaline cartilage – bone
Which one of the following statements best describes the anatomy of skin?
a) The outermost layer consists of a stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium. b) The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. c) Melanocytes are located in the stratum germinativum (stratum basale). d) Sweat glands empty their secretions into the hair follicles. e) Thick skin is found on the human back.
c) Melanocytes are located in the stratum germinativum (stratum basale).
Concerning the histology of bone, which one of the following statements is correct?
a. Compact bone is trabecular in architecture b. Osteoclasts are responsible for the generation of bone c. Osteoblasts are responsible for the resorption of bone d. The bone generating cells are found in the bone marrow e. The epiphyseal plates are composed of hyaline cartilage
Correct answer: e.
Concerning the anatomy of the vertebral column, which of the following statements is correct?
a. The atlanto-axial joint is a synovial gliding (plane) joint b. A thoracic vertebra has a foramen of the transverse process c. A typical cervical vertebra has a bifid spinous process d. The vertebra C1 has the odontoid process (dens) e. A lumbar vertebra has articular facets on its transverse processes
c
anatomical position.
Which of the following spatial descriptions is incorrect?
a. The shoulder is distal to the hand
b. The upper limbs are medial to the trunk
c. The ears are anterolateral to the nose
d. The umbilicus is inferior to the symphysis pubis
e. The left hand and the left foot are contralateral structures
Correct answer: e.
- The bony skeleton is composed of axial and appendicular elements.
Which of the following structures forms part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. ribs
b. cervical vertebrae
c. sacrum
d. xiphisternum
e. calcaneus
Calcaneus
- Bones can be formed by either an intramembranous or an endochondral ossification mode.
Which of the following structures is associated with intramembranous ossification?
a. radius
b. clavicle
c. shaft of the fibula
d. epiphyseal plate
e. metaphysis
Correct answer: b.
- Which of the following muscles are not found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
a. vastus intermedius
b. gracilis
c. sartorius
d. pectineus
e. iliopsoas tendon
Correct answer: b.
- Which of the following nerve pairs supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm?
a. radial and axillary
b. musculocutaneous and median
c. ulnar and median
d. ulnar and radial
e. musculocutaneous and ulnar
Correct answer: c.
- Concerning the spinal cord, which of the following statements is correct?
a. It forms part of the peripheral nervous system
b. It terminates at the level of vertebra L3 in an adult
c. It gives origin to the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerves
d. It is covered by 3 layers of meninges
e. It lies within the intervertebral foramina of the vertebral column
Correct answer: d.
- Concerning the distribution pattern of a typical spinal nerve, which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. The dorsal root contains sensory nerve fibres
b. The ventral ramus contains both sensory and motor nerve fibres
c. Limb nerve plexuses are formed by the ventral rami
d. The dorsal ramus contains sensory and motor nerve fibres
e. Limb nerve plexuses are formed by the dorsal rami
Correct answer: e.
- Concerning the brachial plexus, which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. It is formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerve roots C5-T1
b. Its cords are located in the axilla
c. It supplies both sensory and motor fibres to the upper limb
d. It supplies only the anterior muscle compartments of the upper limb
e. Its axillary and radial terminal nerve branches all arise from the posterior cord
Correct answer: d.
