C3 Structure and Bonding

Question 1

What are the three types of strong bonding?

Answer 1

Ionic,covalent and metalic

Question 2

What is a metalic bond?

Answer 2

Electrostatic attraction between delocalised outer shell electrons and metal ions

Question 3

Electrical conductivity of a metalic bond?

Answer 3

Good as a solid
Good as a liquid

Question 4

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 4

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 5

What is the electrical conductivity of an ionic bond?

Answer 5

Poor as a solid
Good as liquid or aqueous

Question 6

What is a covalent?

Answer 6

Electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of two atoms

Question 7

What is electrical conductivity of a covalent bond?

Answer 7

Poor as a solid (with some exceptions)
Poor as a liquid and gas

Question 8

What are the three chemical structures?

Answer 8

• Giant (Metalic/Ionic/Covalent)
• Simple Molecular
• Monatomic

Question 9

Which structure ONLY conduct as liquid?

Answer 9

• Giant Ionic
• Giant Covalent (graphite,diamond,SiO2)

Question 10

What happens when elements react?

Answer 10

They form compounds by either: gaining, losing or sharing electrons

Question 11

In Ionic bonding the particles are….

Answer 11

Oppositely charged ions.

Question 12

In Covalent bonding the particles are….

Answer 12

non-metal atoms which share pairs of electrons

Question 13

Properites of ionic compounds:

Answer 13

• High melting points
• Good conductors of electricity when melted or dissolved in water

Question 14

Properties of Metalic bonds:

Answer 14

• High melting points
• Good conductors of heat and electricity in any state

Question 15

What are the properites of small molecules?

Answer 15

• Low melting poins
• Poor conductors of electricty

Question 16

Why are metalic bonds good conductors?

Answer 16

Structures contain charged particles (delocalised electrons) that can move through the whole structure

Question 17

What are the carbon allotropes?

Answer 17

• Diamond
• Graphite
• Fullerene

Question 18

Properties of diamond:

Answer 18

• Colourless, Transparent
• Lustrous (shiny)
• Hard
• Solid at room temperature
• Has 4 strong Covalent bonds per Carbon atom

Question 19

Properties of graphite :

Answer 19

• Black , Opaque
• Lustrous
• Soft and slippery
• Solid at room temp
• Delocalised electrons, weak forces between layers
• 3 Strong Covalent bonds per Carbon atom

Question 20

Fulleren properties :

Answer 20

• Dark
• Needle like crystals
• 3 strong covalent bonds per Carbon atom

Question 21

How are atoms in metals arranged?

Answer 21

Closely packed together in regular layers

Question 22

1 nanometre is …..

Answer 22

1x10^-9 meters

Billionth of a metre

Question 23

What does prefix ‘nano-‘ mean?

Answer 23

Nano- means one billionth

Question 24

Why is silver nanoparticles in socks?

Answer 24

Silver nano-particles have longer-lasting properties (such as anti-bacterial) than bigger particles of silver. That why they are used in socks to kill bacteria and prevent bad smells

Question 25

What is the diameter of a nano particle?

Answer 25

**1 - 100 nanometrs** 1 x 10^-9 meters - 1 x 10^7 meters

Question 26

What is the diameter of a fine particle?

Answer 26

**100 - 2500 nanometers** (1x10^-7 - 2.5x10^-6 meters)

Question 27

What is the diameter of coarse particles?

Answer 27

**2500 - 10000 nanometers** 2.5x10^-6 - 1x10^-5

Question 28

Why are nanoparticles more useful?

Answer 28

They have a larger surface area to volume ratio

Question 29

Uses of nanoparticles :

Answer 29

- Medicine : *MRI scanning and cancer therapies* - Electronics : *Used in memory chips* - Cosmetics : *Used in skincare lotions to encapsule nutrients* - Sun Cream : *Replaced zinc oxide to make it clear* - Deodorant : *Silver has antibacterial properties* - Catalysts : *Self-Cleaning windows*

Question 30

How to find the surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 30

Surface area to volume ratio = Surface area/Volume

Question 31

What is the charge of a non-metal ion?

Answer 31

Negative (*Gaining Electrons*)

Question 32

What is the charge of a metal ion?

Answer 32

Positive (*Lose Electrons*)

Question 33

Uses of fullerene:

Answer 33

- Catalysts - Reinforcements for composite material - In drugs

Question 34

What is graphene?

Answer 34

A single layer of graphite

Question 35

What is the formula for buckminister fullerene?

Answer 35

C60

Question 36

How can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 36

Because delocalised electrons cam move through it's layers

Question 37

What makes metals malleable?

Answer 37

Layers of atoms in a metal can slide over

Question 38

Why is graphite a good electrical conductor?

Answer 38

Only three electrons per carbon atom is used in covalent bonds so one electron is delocalised. These delocalised electrons can move through the whole structure carrying an electrical charge

Question 39

Why is graphite soft and slippery?

Answer 39

It's particles are in fixed layer with weak intermolecular forces between them. This allows the layers to slide across each other easily.