Cannabinoids

Question 1

What is hemp?

Answer 1

• a strain of cannabis
• grown for agricultural products
• contains less than 0.3% THC

Question 2

What is marijuana?

Answer 2

• strain of cannabis sativa
• commonly contains 15-20% THC
• cultivated to optimize THC content for its psychoactive effects

Question 3

What is synthetic marijuana?

Answer 3

• illicit synthetic compounds that are analogs of THC
• bind to the CB1 receptor as full agonists
• produce similar psychoactive effects as THC

Question 4

What are the four components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS)?

Answer 4

1. cannabinoid receptors
2. ligands (anandamide & 2-AG)
3. endocannabinoid membrane transporters (EMT)
4. synthetic and degradative enzymes

Question 5

What are the synthetic and degradative enzymes involved in the endocannabinoid system (ECS)?

Answer 5

• fatty acid hydrolase
• monoglycerol lipase
• diacylglycerol lipase

Question 6

What is the function of the endocannabinoid system?

Answer 6

• regulates immunity, memory, mood, pain, and perception

Question 7

What is the primary euphoric component in marijuana?

Answer 7

THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the ECS

Question 8

What is a non-euphoric natural cannabinoid that is widely marketed for a variety of uses that is NOT an agonist for CB receptors?

Answer 8

CBD (cannabidiol)

Question 9

What is a euphoric component in cannabis sativa ?

increasingly present in the unregulated market

Answer 9

delta-8-THC

Question 10

What is dronabinol/marinol?

Answer 10

• schedule III synthetic delta-9-THC in sesame oil
• indicated for AIDS associated anorexia and refractory chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting

Question 11

What is nabilone/cesamet?

Answer 11

• schedule II THC mimetic indicated for chemotherapy-induced N/V

Question 12

What is cannabidiol/epidolex?

Answer 12

• FDA approved form of CBD
• indicated for 2 rare seizure disorders
• Dravet syndrome
• Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Question 13

What are the agricultural products that are derived from hemp?

Answer 13

• textiles
• seeds
• oils

Question 14

What are the effects of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids serving as retrograde regulators or neurotransmission?

Answer 14

• release of GABA and glutamine is inhibited

Question 15

What are the perceptual effects of acute cannabis intoxication?

Answer 15

• temporal slowing
• auditory, visual, or tactile illusions
• de-personalization

Question 16

What are the affective effects of acute cannabis intoxication?

Answer 16

• euphoria
• disinhibition
• anxiety
• emotional lability

Question 17

What are the physical effects of acute cannabis intoxication?

Answer 17

• tachycardia
• postural hypotension
• conjunctival injection
• dry mouth
• increase appetite

Question 18

What are the cognitive effects of acute cannabis intoxication?

Answer 18

• paranoid
• impaired judgement
• impaired reaction time
• impaired attention

Question 19

Compare the agonist effects of THC to synthetic cannabinoids:

Answer 19

• THC is a partial agonist
• synthetic cannabinoids are full agonists

Question 20

How has the THC content of cannabis seized by the DEA changed over time?

Answer 20

increased 4 fold

Question 21

What percentage of cannabis users are estimated to develop cannabis use disorder?

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

Where is CB1 and CB2 primarily expressed?

Answer 22

• CB1 expression is higher in the brain
• CB2 expression in higher in the periphery

Question 23

What mental disorder is cannabis use associated with?

Answer 23

schizophrenia

Question 24

What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

Answer 24

• acute disorder associated with excessive cannabinoid ingestion
• patients present with abdominal pain and cyclic vomiting
• commonly associated with pathological bathing

Question 25

What factors appear to be key determinants of cannabis use leading to psychosis?

Answer 25

- more potent --> more likely to develop - younger when starting --> more likely to develop

Question 26

What are the treatment options for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

Answer 26

- cannabis cessation - BZDs - haloperidol - capsaicin cream on abdomen

Question 27

What are synthetic cannabinoids created to mimic?

Answer 27

delta-9-THC

Question 28

How is hemp differentiated from marijuana?

Answer 28

detla-9-THC content

Question 29

If CB1 is primarily expressed in the brain, why doesn't cannabis use lead to respiratory depression?

Answer 29

There's low CB1 levels in the respiratory centers of the brainstem

Question 30

Which cannabinoid is approved for rare forms of seizures?

Answer 30

CBD