Cardiac Abnorms

Question 1

an S1 sound that is caused by

• position of the AV valve being wide open and no time to drift together at the start of systole
• calcification of valve, needs increasing ventricular pressure to close the valve against increased atrial pressure

Answer 1

Loud (acenuated)

Question 2

an s1 sound that is caused by

• the delayed conduction from atria to ventricles.
• mitral valve drifts shut before ventricular contraction closes it
• extreme calfication, limiting mobility
• more forceful atrial contraction into noncompliant ventricle
• delays or diminishes ventricular contraction

Answer 2

faint ( diminished ) s1

Question 3

an s1 sound that is caused by

• varying of position of AV valve before closing from beat to beat
• atria and ventricles beat independently

Answer 3

Varying intensity of S1

Question 4

an s1 sound caused by

- mitral and tricuspid components are heard separately

Answer 4

Split s1

Question 5

an s2 sound caused by

• higher closing pressure
• exercise and exccitment increase pressure in aorta
• pulmonary hypertension
• semilunar valves calcified but still mobile

Answer 5

accenuated s2

Question 6

an s2 sound caused by

• a fall in systemic bp and decrease in valve strength
• semilunar valves thickened and calcified with decreased mobility

Answer 6

diminished s2

Question 7

occurs early in systole
from opening of the semilunar valves
usually in the presence of stenosis
heard most over apex

Answer 7

ejection click

Question 8

associated with mitral valve prolapse

occurs in mid to late systole

Answer 8

midsystolic click

Question 9

ventricular filling sound
early in diastole during the rapid filling
heard at the apex

Answer 9

s3

Question 10

ventricular filling sound
occurs when atria contract late in diastole
heard immediately before s1

Answer 10

s4

Question 11

when pathologic s3 and s4 are heard

quadruple sound is heard

Answer 11

summation sound