Cell Division

Question 1

What are the beginning steps of life of sexually reproducing organisms?

Answer 1

start as a single cell, divide into 2 cells, divide into 4 cells, develop into an embryo

Question 2

What cells go through Mitosis?

Answer 2

somatic cells

Question 3

How does chromosome number change with mitosis?

Answer 3

daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as parent cell (diploid)

Question 4

What happens during mitosis prior to cell division?

Answer 4

each chromosome is replicated

Question 5

What are identical copies of chromosomes?

Answer 5

chromatids

Question 6

When do chromatids separate for mitosis?

Answer 6

prior to cell division

Question 7

what happens when chromosomes replicate for mitosis?

Answer 7

DNA replicates

Question 8

What happens when strands separate for mitosis?

Answer 8

old strands serve as template for synthesis of new double stranded molecule

Question 9

What are the steps of mitosis?

Answer 9

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 10

What happens during prophase?

Answer 10

• chromatin condenses into chromosomes

- nuclear envelope disappears

Question 11

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 11

chromosomes align at the equator

Question 12

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 12

• sister chromatids separate

- centromeres divide

Question 13

What happens during Telophase?

Answer 13

• chromatin expands

- cytoplasm divides

Question 14

What type of division is mitosis?

Answer 14

differentiation and growth

Question 15

What type of division is meiosis?

Answer 15

reduction division

Question 16

What cells go through meiosis?

Answer 16

gametes

Question 17

How does chromosome number change for meiosis?

Answer 17

daughter cells end up with half as many chromosomes as parents (haploid)

Question 18

What happens to chromosome number during meiosis I?

Answer 18

reduction division of diploid to haploid

Question 19

What happens during Meiosis I?

Answer 19

• come together in pairs
• 1 chromosome of each pair is drawn to opposite sides of the cell
• nucleus forms around each half set of chromosomes
• cell divides

Question 20

What happened to the chromosomes prior to meiotic division (I)?

Answer 20

replicated

Question 21

What happens during Meiosis II?

Answer 21

(like mitosis)

• mitotic division occurring in haploid cells
• one replicate copy of each chromosome goes to each daughter cell

Question 22

What is the general result of meiosis?

Answer 22

4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent

Question 23

What is the result of meiosis for males?

Answer 23

4 functional sperm cells

Question 24

What is the result of meiosis for females?

Answer 24

1 functional ovum, 3 polar bodies

Question 25

What is a polar body?

Answer 25

non-viable