ch 33 potter self-concept

Question 1

is an individual’s view of self

-complex mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts, attitudes, and perceptions.

Answer 1

Self-concept

Question 2

how one feels about oneself

Answer 2

self-esteem

Question 3

loss of bodily function, decline in activity tolerance, and difficulty in managing a chronic illness are examples of

Answer 3

situations that change a patient’s self-concept.

Question 4

tend to rate themselves higher than they rate other children, suggesting that their view of themselves is positively inflated

Answer 4

young children (school-age childs self concept)

Question 5

is a particularly critical developmental period when many variables, including school, family, and friends, affect self-concept and self-esteem

Answer 5

Adolescence

Question 6

Boys often have better overall self-concepts than girls, particularly in physical and social domains

Answer 6

Boys have better self-esteem than girls (adolsencde)

Question 7

Job satisfaction and overall performance in adulthood are also linked to self-esteem

Answer 7

adulthood

Question 8

across the life span can impact health behaviors.

Answer 8

Cultural variations in self-concept and self-esteem

Question 9

is one of the major elements of self-concept and a key aspect of self-esteem

Answer 9

cultural identity of older adults

Question 10

is a risk factor that leaves one vulnerable to health problems,

Answer 10

Lower self-esteem

Question 11

and strong social relationships support good health

Answer 11

higher self-esteem

Question 12

Statements such as “I can get through anything” or “I’ve never been sick a day in my life” indicate that a person’s thoughts about personal health are positive

Answer 12

positive perceptions

Question 13

regarding health status are reflected in such statements as “It’s not worth it anymore” or “I’m a burden to my family.”

Answer 13

Negative perceptions

Question 14

such as “I’ll never get any better” or “I can’t stand to look at myself anymore.”

Answer 14

Chronic illness affects identity and body image as reflected by verbalizations

Question 15

• Develops trust following consistency in caregiving and nurturing interactions
• Distinguishes self from environment

Answer 15

Trust versus Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months)

Question 16

• Begins to communicate likes and dislikes
• Increasingly independent in thoughts and actions
• Appreciates body appearance and function (e.g., dressing, feeding, talking, and walking)

Answer 16

Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (18-24 Months to 3 Years)

Question 17

• Identifies with a gender
• Enhances self-awareness
• Increases language skills, including identification of feelings

Answer 17

Initiative versus Guilt (3 to 5 Years)

Question 18

• Incorporates feedback from peers and teachers
• Increases self-esteem with new skill mastery (e.g., reading, mathematics, sports, music)
• Aware of strengths and limitations

Answer 18

Industry versus Inferiority (6 to 11 Years)

Question 19

• Accepts body changes/maturation
• Examines attitudes, values, and beliefs; establishes goals for the future
• Feels positive about expanded sense of self

Answer 19

Identity versus Role Confusion (12 to 18 Years)

Question 20

• Has stable, positive feelings about self

* Experiences successful role transitions and increased responsibilities

Answer 20

Intimacy versus Isolation (Late Teens to Mid-40s)

Question 21

• Able to accept changes in appearance and physical endurance
• Reassesses life goals
• Shows contentment with aging

Answer 21

Generativity versus Self-Absorption (Mid-40s to Mid-60s)

Question 22

• Feels positive about life and its meaning

* Interested in providing a legacy for the next generation

Answer 22

Ego Integrity versus Despair (Mid-Late 60s to Death)

Question 23

is a time of marked maturational changes and shifting levels of self-esteem that set the stage for rises in self-concept from adolescence to young adulthood

Answer 23

Adolescence

Question 24

emphasis on the generativity stage explains the rise in self-esteem and self-concept in adulthood

Answer 24

Erikson’s (1963)

Question 25

involves the internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations

Answer 25

Identity (component of self-esteem)

Question 26

are identity, body image, and role performance.

Answer 26

components of self-concept

Question 27

Being “oneself” or living an authentic life is the

Answer 27

basis of true identity

Question 28

learn culturally accepted values, behaviors, and roles through identification and modeling -often gain an identity from self-observations and from what individuals tell them

Answer 28

Children (identity)

Question 29

must be able to bring together learned behaviors and expectations into a coherent, consistent, and unique whole

Answer 29

To form an identity, a child

Question 30

is a part of identity, and its focus differs across the life span

Answer 30

Sexuality (identity)

Question 31

, the focus shifts from procreation to companionship, physical and emotional intimacy, and pleasure seeking

Answer 31

adult ages (sexuality changes)

Question 32

is a person’s private view of maleness or femaleness;

Answer 32

Gender identity

Question 33

is the masculine or feminine behavior exhibited. This image and its meaning depend on culturally determined values

Answer 33

gender role

Question 34

develops from identification and socialization within an established group and through the experience of integrating the response of individuals outside the group into one’s self-concept

Answer 34

Cultural identity

Question 35

involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, structure, or function

Answer 35

Body image (component of self-concept)

Question 36

Feelings about body image include those related to sexuality, femininity and masculinity, youthfulness, health, and strength.

Answer 36

Body image (component of self-concept)

Question 37

- eating disorder anorexia nervosa. - Other alterations occur as a result of situational events, such as the loss or change in a body part. - way others view a person’s body and the feedback offered are also influential - Cognitive growth and physical development also affect body image

Answer 37

influencing Body image (component of self-concept)

Question 38

Normal developmental changes such as puberty and aging have a more apparent effect on body image than on other aspects of self-concept.

Answer 38

puberty & age bigger impact on Body image

Question 39

Hormonal changes during .

Answer 39

adolescence influence body image

Question 40

development of secondary sex characteristics and the changes in body fat distribution have a tremendous impact on an -including disordered eating and exercise

Answer 40

adolescent’s self-concept.

Question 41

Changes associated with aging (e.g., menopause; wrinkles; graying hair; and decrease in visual acuity, hearing, and mobility) also

Answer 41

affect body image in an older adult

Question 42

and influence one’s attitudes

Answer 42

Culture and society dictate the accepted norms of body image

Question 43

is the way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles (e.g., parent, supervisor, partner, or close friend).

Answer 43

Role performance (component of self-concept)

Question 44

involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable

Answer 44

Role overload

Question 45

results when people do not maintain a clear, consistent, and continuous consciousness of personal identity

Answer 45

Identity confusion

Question 46

are nonverbal behaviors.

Answer 46

Key indicators of a patient’s self-concept

Question 47

is a psychological/emotional issue, not a physical issue for vital signs

Answer 47

Self-concept

Question 48

results when a person has to simultaneously assume two or more roles that are inconsistent, contradictory, or mutually exclusive

Answer 48

Role conflict

Question 49

identity, body image, coping behaviors, and significant others’ support

Answer 49

Assessment of self-concept includes

Question 50

Because how one thinks about oneself

Answer 50

self-concept

Question 51

is an individual’s overall feeling of self-worth or the emotional appraisal of self-concept. - It is the most fundamental self-evaluation because it represents the overall judgment of personal worth or value

Answer 51

Self-esteem

Question 52

is any real or perceived change that threatens identity, body image, or role performance

Answer 52

self-concept stressor

Question 53

including the number of stressors, duration of the stressor, and health status

Answer 53

reestablish balance following a stressor is related to numerous factors,

Question 54

effectiveness of coping strategies, and social support in all patients

Answer 54

Assess self-esteem

Question 55

supportive and educational resources are valuable in helping a person learn new ways of coping with and responding to the stressful event or situation to maintain or enhance self-concept

Answer 55

self-concept crises

Question 56

Cultural and social stressors rather than personal stressors have

Answer 56

more impact on an adult’s identity.

Question 57

Compared with an adolescent, an adult generally has a more stable identity and thus a more firmly developed self-concept

Answer 57

adult generally has a more stable identity

Question 58

Inability to adapt to identity stressors can result in identity confusion regardless of stage of life. -ex: 35-year-old recently divorced mother of twins

Answer 58

identity confusion

Question 59

amputation, facial disfigurement, or scars from burns are obvious stressors affecting body image - Chronic illnesses such as heart and renal disease - pregnancy, significant weight gain or loss, pharmacological management of illness, or radiation therapy changes body image.

Answer 59

body image stressor

Question 60

Situational transitions occur when parents, spouses, children, or close friends die or people move, marry, divorce, or change jobs.

Answer 60

Role changes (role performance stressors)

Question 61

shift along the continuum from illness to wellness is as stressful as a shift from wellness to illness.

Answer 61

Any of these transitions may lead to role conflict, role ambiguity, role strain, or role overload.

Question 62

involves the expectations of others and society regarding how an individual behaves when sick.

Answer 62

sick role (role performance stressors)

Question 63

when general societal expectations (take care of yourself, and you will get better) and the expectations of co-workers (need to get the job done regardless of illness) collide.

Answer 63

Role conflict occurs

Question 64

involves unclear role expectations, which makes people unsure about what to do or how to do it, creating stress and confusion.

Answer 64

Role ambiguity (common in adolscence years)

Question 65

employees often become unsure about job expectations.

Answer 65

complex, rapidly changing, or highly specialized organizations

Question 66

combines role conflict and role ambiguity

Answer 66

Role strain

Question 67

involves having more roles or responsibilities within a role than are manageable.

Answer 67

Role overload

Question 68

vary with developmental stages

Answer 68

Self-esteem stressors

Question 69

include failure in work and unsuccessful relationships

Answer 69

Stressors affecting the self-esteem of an adult

Question 70

include health problems, declining socioeconomic status, spousal loss or bereavement, loss of social support, and decline in achievement experiences following retirement

Answer 70

Self-esteem stressors in older adults

Question 71

first assess the family’s style of relating

Answer 71

To reverse a patient’s negative self-concept