Changing places

Question 1

Concept of place

Answer 1

Defined as a location with meaning. Places can be meaningful to individual in ways that are personal or subjective. Places can also be meaningful at a social or cultural level and these meanings may be shared by different groups of people.
Three aspects of place -
- Locale
- Location
- Sense of place

Question 2

Location

Answer 2

• Physical location, a point on a map.
  E.G
• Glastonbury is the county of Somerset, and it is located 23 miles south of Bristol.

Question 3

Locale

Answer 3

• Unlike location this takes into account the effect that people have on their setting. In terms of a locale, place is shaped by the people, cultures and customs within it.
  E.G
• Glastonbury has its own unique character, it is home to many visitor attractions including Glastonbury Tor, a spiritual and beautiful place that is celebrated.

Question 4

Sense of place

Answer 4

• This refers to the subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place. This may be completely different when looked at from anothers perspective.
  E.G
• Glastonbury is a place of great spiritual importance for people interested in paganism, religious connections.
• For others it evokes emotions about the internationaly famous music festival.

Question 5

Insider perspectives of place

Answer 5

• People have a stronger relationship with places that they are familiar with. Being inside a place means that you belong to it and identify with it.
  Characteristics
• Born on
• They hold citizenship
• Fluent in language
• Conforms with social norms and behavioral traits common in the place.
• Most importantly does that person feel secure and welcome.

Question 6

NIMBY

Answer 6

• Not in my backyard
• Applied to local opposition to developments such as housing estates and windfarms.

Question 7

Near places and Far places

Answer 7

• These terms can firstly refer to the geographical distance between places.
• They could also refer to the emotional connection with a particular place and how confortable a person feels there.
• Some places feel more familiar than others due to personal experience.
  BUT
• Because of the globalised nature of society, near places are not neccesarily familiar and foster ideas of belonging. Far places are not automatically strange, uncomfotable and different.
• This is due to culture, travel and media becoming more intergrated in society.

Question 8

Experienced and media places

Answer 8

Experienced places are those places that a person has spent time in, whereas media places are those that the person has only read about or experinced through media, such as tv and music, this can change our sense of place subconciously.
- You could argue that you create a greater emotional attachement by experiencing a place first hand.

Question 9

Near places

Answer 9

• Those that are close to us.
• Geographically as well.
• People are more likely to feel like insiders. HOWEVER they can still be excluded through gender, race and sexuality.
• Subjective
• A women living in the Australian outback may consider a place that is 100KM away to be near due to geographical location, but someone this may be different for someone in the UK.

Question 10

Far places

Answer 10

• Those that are distant.
• Both near and far places may have a more emotional meaning.
• You can feel close emotionally even if you are physically far away, maybe if it is your country of origin.
• Globalisation has improved travel technology, the interent and media, in order to make far places more like near places.

Question 11

Endogenous factors definition

Answer 11

• In the context of place, this refers to the characteristics of the place itself or factors which have originated internally. This would include aspects such as location, physical geography, land use and social and economic characterisitcs such as population size and employment rates.

Question 12

Exogenous factors definition

Answer 12

• This refers to the relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this. The demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of a place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money, aid and investment.

Question 13

Endogenous factors

Answer 13

• Land use, economic sector
• Topography, the relief, mountainous?
• Physical geography, natural features such as rock type.
• Demograohic characterisitcs, age, ethnicity.
• Location, elevation and distance from coast
• Economic characterisitcs, In dept? economic sectors, poor, rich.
• Built enviroment, the architecture of the area.
• Location, climate

Question 14

Exogenous factors

Answer 14

• People
• Capital, Money and invesment
• Resources
• Ideas

Question 15

Exogenous factors - People

Answer 15

• Impact of tourists, workers, migrants and refugees and changing quantaties of people in a area over time.
• Germany have around 1.4 million asylum seekers, who have been intergrated into their society, inevitably this impacts the character of germany.

Question 16

Exogenous factors - Money and investment

Answer 16

• Trade deals, tax, major events (sports competition), new buisnesses, aid, FDI.
• Investment into the London borough of Stratford before, during and after it hosted
  the Olympics has had a long-lasting impact on its place character.

Question 17

Exogenous factors - Resources

Answer 17

• Availabilty of raw materials, products, food and energy from outside.
• Due to good transportation networks, the UK is food secure. If the crops fail one
  year more food can be imported from other countries to make up for the deficit. In
  less developed countries this is unlikely to be possible.
• Countries in Europe have become energy reliant on russia.

Question 18

Exogenous factors - Ideas

Answer 18

• Entrepreneurs may move to an area bringing new businesses with them, ideas could be infomation about an area from another place.
• Detroit has been impacted by the ideas of urban planners which have helped
  develop the city, leading to positive reviews by Lonely Planet. This has driven the
  tourist industry of Detroit, impacting on its character

Question 19

Outsider perspective

Answer 19

• Opposite to the insiders.
• People who do not belong to the main ethnic family could feel like a outsider, a immigrant family who is a minority may feel this way.
• They may not feel accustomed to the culture, social norms and dialect.
• Shops and restaraunts may not be familiar to them.
• The architecture of the builidings may feel unfimilair.
  HOWEVER
• Outsider may not be a long-term mindset as you become more intergrated into society.

Question 20

Endogenous factors - Land use

Answer 20

Could be deterimend by climate and locational factors, is the main land use for agirculture or is it more industrial? Is it rural or Urban.

Question 21

Endogenous factors - Location

Answer 21

• Climate, does the climate allow for certain production of crops and plants, this therefore determines the land use of the place.

Question 22

Endogenous factors - Topography

Answer 22

• Height of land, elevation, relief, is it mountainous?
• London hampstead provided rich victorians with clean air and safe water.
• The topography of ski resorts define the land use and economic sector (tourism). This also links to location and climate.

Question 23

Endogenous factors - Physical geography

Answer 23

• Soil type, geology, floodpain, drainage etc.
• Local geology can define the architecture of a place. For example in Norfolk they use Knapped flint for architetcure and in Aberdeen they use granite.
• Can define they initial function of the place and how it was founded, was it in a defensive position with access to water where a castle was buil. For example Durham. We can still see the effects of this today and it reflects in its character.

Question 24

Endogenous factors - Built enviroment

Answer 24

• Age and type of buildings
• Architecture is defined by geology of a place.

Question 25

Endogenous factors - Demographic

Answer 25

- Religion - Churches and architecture is effected by culture and traditions from the endogenous people. E.G a church bells and cathedrals - Cultural practises such as Cheese Rolling in glosterchire and tarn barrels in Ottery St Mary.

Question 26

SPITALFIELDS AND BANGLATOWN - Lived experiences

Answer 26

This area has had a historical struggle with racism, for example the murder of Altab Ali, who was murdered on 4 May 1978 in Adler Street by three teenage boys as he walked home from work. Ali's murder was one of the many racist attacks that came to characterise the East End at that time. and the protests that surrounded this event in brick lane, the nearby park has since been who was murdered on 4 May 1978 in Adler Street by three teenage boys as he walked home from work. Ali's murder was one of the many racist attacks that came to characterise the East End at that time.

Question 27

How does Endogenous factors influence the character of the place - Location

Answer 27

- This refers to where a place is, for example is it on the coast line or inland, in a rural area or a urban area. - Places can be characterised by the features that are present because of the location, for example a coastal area may be characterised by a port.

Question 28

How does Endogenous factors influence the character of the place - Topography

Answer 28

- This refers to the shape of the landscape - For example in a valley places would be characterised as falt, whereas moutanous regions would be characterised as steep. - This effects the land use of the place, for example flat areas are suitable for large scale farming of crops whereas mountain areas are suitable for pastoral farming (grazing animals).

Question 29

How does Endogenous factors influence the character of the place - Physical geography

Answer 29

- Enviromental features of a place e.g altitude, aspect, soil and rock type. - Physical geography, does the place have igneous or sedimentary rock? - Are there natural resources present here such as iron or coal that influences inustries.

Question 30

How do external flows cause places to change

Answer 30

The original character of places has changed because of the external influences that have occured over time, such as flows of people, resources, money and ideas. Imrpovements to transpoers, technology, communications have facilitated globalisation and the movement of these factors and therefore caused places to change beyond recognition.

Question 31

How do people perceive places differently?

Answer 31

- Places have meaning to those who know them, this is their sense of place, how they feel about it. - Different people can have different meanings of different places, whether that is boring or exciting, beautiful or unattractive. - This is dictated by whether people are insiders, outsiders or have experienced the place or not.