JUVENILE DELINQUENCY > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

These are acts by juveniles that are considered a crime if committed by an adult as well as actions that are illegal only because of the age of the offender.

A

Juvenile Delinquency

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2
Q

It refers to a system of laws, policies, and procedures intended to regulate the processing and treatment of non-adult offenders for violations of law and to provide legal remedies that protect the interest in situations of conflict or neglect.

A

Juvenile Justice

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3
Q

HISTORY OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE

A
  1. 1700’s | Harsh Beginnings
  2. English Common Law
  3. 1800’s |Child Saver/ Saving Our Child
  4. 1825 | House of Refuge
  5. Petition of Child Saver
  6. 1899 | Juvenile Court Act
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4
Q

Study of mental illness, unusual or maladaptive behavior also called “Abnormal Psychology”

A

Psychophatology

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5
Q

There is no such thing as child.

A

1700’s | Harsh Baginnings

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6
Q

Prior to 1800’s, delinquents serve agricultural/domestic work instead of punishment

A

ENGLISH COMMON LAW

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7
Q

Programs focus on reformation of the child through therapy and counseling

A

1800’s | Saving our Child / Child Saver

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8
Q

The idea of this institution is to protect juveniles who are at risk and don’t have parent to monitor their behavior

A

1825 | House of Refuge (Institution)

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9
Q

Capacity of House of Refuge:

A

10 youths = 1,600 youths after a decade

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10
Q

A court was created that separate child from adults.

A

1899 | Juvenile Court Act

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11
Q

ISSUES IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

A
  1. Overcrowding
  2. Health Issues
  3. Lack of pacilities
  4. Lack of personnels
  5. Lack of Funds
  6. Lack of Supply
  7. Gang Activities
  8. Unsanitary condition
  9. Increase of drug related issues
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12
Q

It was the biggest movement of Child Saver

A

JUVENILE COURT ACT OF 1899

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13
Q

• An action that is prohibited only to a certain class of people, and most often applied only to offenses committed by minors

• following No clear principle of law

A

Status Offense

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14
Q

FACTORS OF BEING DELINQUENTS

A
  1. CHILD
  2. SCHOOL
  3. FAMILY
  4. SOCIETY/community
  5. CHURCH
  6. PEERS
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15
Q

Attributes of Modern Juvenile Justice System

A
  • ensure that they are dealt accordingly aside from punishment monitored by:
    ○ HOME
    ○ SCHOUL
    ○ Communiry
  • rehabilitation instead of reformation
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16
Q

Theories on Juvenile Delinquency

A
  1. Individual Level Theories of Delinquency
  2. Choice Theory
  3. Trait Theory
  4. Psychological Theory
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17
Q

It holds that a decision to commit an illegal act is a product of an individual-level decision- making process shaped by the personal characteristics and traits of the decision-maker

A

Individual Level Theories of Delinquency

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18
Q

• Focus on mental and behavioral processes at the individual level

• Considers delinquency as an individual- level problem, not a social problem

• Recognizes that all people are different. each person reacts to the same set of environmental and social conditions in a unique way.

• Believes that the root cause of delinquency is located at the individual level, and delinquency prevention and control efforts must be directed at the Individual offender

A

Individual Level Theories of Delinquency

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19
Q

Theories under Choice Theory

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A
  1. Classical School of Criminology
  2. Rational Choice Theory
  3. Routine Activity Theory
20
Q

Theories under Trait Theory

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A
  1. Biochemical Theory
  2. Neurological Theory
  3. Genetic Theory
21
Q

Theories under Psychological Theory

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A
  1. Psychodynamic Theory
  2. Cognitive Theory
  3. Behavioral Theory
  4. Attachment Theory
22
Q

It maintains that delinquency is rational and can be prevented by punishment that is sufficiently severe and certain

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A

Choice Theory

23
Q

• It holds that youth engage in delinquent behavior or criminal behavior due to aberrant physical or psychological traits that govern behavioral choices.

• Delinquent actions are impulsive or instinctual rather than choices

24
Q

It holds views that delinquency is a result of emotional and mental disturbance of the individual.

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A

Psychological Theory

25
It holds that the commission of behavior is influenced by the individual's free will.
Classical School of Criminology
26
He argued that people weigh benefits and consequences of their future actions before deciding on a course behavior
Cesare Beccaria
27
• It holds that criminal behavior is predicated on the use of calculations. reasoning, and rational consideration of choices. • It is an economic approach to understanding crime, where rational choices are based on the principle of self- interest
Rational Choice Theory
28
It suggests that delinquent acts are a function of motivated offenders, lack of capable guardians, and availability of the target.
Routine Activity Theory
29
They developed Routine Activity theory in 1979
Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson
30
It views that crime and delinquency especially violence is the result of diet, vitamin intake, hormonal imbalance and other biological causes
Biochemical Theory
31
It explains that crime and delinquency occur because the individual suffers from brain impairment or abnormality in the structure of brains.
Neurological Theory
32
This theory assumes that delinquent traits and predisposition to criminality are Inherited from parents.
Genetic Theory
33
It says that unconscious motivation developed early in childhood propels some people into destructive or illegal behavior.
Psychodynamic Theory
34
Stages of Psychosexual Development
1. Oral Stage (Birth to 1-year-old). 2. Anal Stage (1-year-old to 3 years old). 3. Phallic Stage (3 years old to 6 years old). 4. Latency Stage (6 years old to puberty). 5. Genital Stage (Puberty to Adulthood).
35
It occurs during the first year of life In the first stage of psychosexual development, the libido is centered in a baby's mouth
Oral Stage (Birth to 1-year-old).
36
During the anal stage of psychosexual development, the libido becomes focused on the anus, and the child derives great pleasure from defecating
Anal Stage (1-year-old to 3 years old).
37
The third stage of psychosexual development is the phallic stage, wherein the infant's libido centers upon the genitalia as the erogenous zone
Phallic Stage (3 years old to 6 years old).
38
During this stage the libido is dormant and no further psychosexual development takes place.
Latency Stage (6 years old to puberty).
39
The genital stage is the last stage of psychosexual development. It is a timebof adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another person in 20s
Genital Stage (Puberty to Adulthood).
40
This theory stresses knowing and perception. Some adolescents have a warped view of the world. There is evidence that kids with abnormal or antisocial personalities are delinquency-prone
Cognitive Theory
41
It believes that individuals learn by observing how people react to their behavior or it is anforced by so positive and it is extinguished if punished
Behavioral Theory
42
This theory assumes that humans are born with a need to form a close emotional bond with a caregiver and that such a bond will develop in the first six months of the child's life if the caregiver is appropriately responsive.
Attachment Theory
43
He believed that the attachment system served two primary functions, (1) to protect vulnerable individuals from potential threat or harm; and (2) to regulate negative emotions following threatening or harmful events
John Bowlby
44
Distinction between Id, Ego and Superego
● Id- basic needs ● Ego- what you wish for needs to be gratified ● Superego- manifest itself for moral and values of community
45
Theory that is linked on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) level and low behavior.
Cognitive Theory
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
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