Chapter 1 - Safety

Question 1

Why should a millwright concern himself with safety?

Answer 1

• a millwright is possibly exposed to more hazards than any other worker in a plant and should be familiar with WCB regulations dealt with personal safety and any special safety rules applying to each job

Question 2

What is the purpose of WCB and how much power does it have?

Answer 2

• WCB is a provincial body set up to maintain a safe, healthy, working environment at job sites. - It is a legal body and can order unsafe job sites closed until they are made safe.

Question 3

Describe the responsibilities of the Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB)

Answer 3

• inspecting places of employment
• investigating accidents and causes of industrial diseases
• assisting and advising employers and workers in developing health and safety programs

Question 4

WCB Regulations

- Describe the employers’ responsibilities

Answer 4

• employer shall keep a copy of the WCB “Industrial Health and Safety Regulations” readily available at each place of employment for reference by all the workers
• all work shall be carried out without undue risk of injury or industrial disease
• machinery and equipment are capable of safely performing the functions for which they are used
• all workers are instructed in the safe performance of their duties
• no person shall enter or remain on the premises of any place of employment while that persons ability to work is so affected by alcohol, drugs, or other substances as to endanger his or her health or safety, pr that of any other person

Question 5

What is the purpose of an Industrial Health and Safety Committee?

Answer 5

• assist in creating a safe place to work
• ensure that an accident prevention program is set up
• recommend actions that will improve the effectiveness of the health and safety program
• promote enforcement of WCB regulations

Question 6

WCB regulations

- Describe the workers’ responsibilities

Answer 6

• responsible for his or her own safety on the job
• right to refuse any unsafe work you have reasonable cause to believe to be unsafe
• wearing proper clothing for the job site
• you must not remove any safety equipment from machines or equipment; including guarding
• you must have adequate instruction about a piece of machinery or equipment before you operate or use it
• you must make sure that no machine, equipment, or tool is used in a way that would cause injury to someone else

Question 7

List the sections of the Industrial Health and Safety Regulations that are of particular interest to millwrights

Answer 7

8— places of employment - general requirements 
12— harmful substances
13— health hazards
14— personal protective equipment
16— machinery, equipment and industrial processes, guards: general
18— welding, burning and soldering
30— ladders
32— scaffolds swing stages
54— rigging

Appendix D — standard hand signals for controlling crane operations
Appendix J — correct spooling of ropes on drums

Lockout procedures (section 16.102) should be thoroughly understood and followed.

Question 8

What safety precautions must be considered in any work area?

Answer 8

• make sure clothing and PPE are appropriate, flame-resistant, and functional
• never show up for work while under the influence of drugs, medications, or alcohol
• always move carefully
• watch for hazards
• walk in the shop areas
• don’t work on a cluttered work bench
• never work under a heavy object until proper supports are in place
• read and obey all posted warning signs
• report defective or unsafe equipment to your supervisor
• develop good housekeeping habits. Dispose of flammable/hazardous materials appropriately
• do not use compressed air for cleaning unless special procedures are in place

Question 9

Describe how good housekeeping is accomplished on the job

Answer 9

• maintain a tidy, safe, work area, and a clean workbench
• clean up the work area prior to starting and at various stages throughout
• keeps tools and materials in good order
• clean and return all tools
• remove any sharp hazards
• clean/scrap and return all materials
• clean up spills and dispose of properly

Question 10

What type of clothing is suggested for use by industrial workers?

Answer 10

• wear close-fitted clothing that is not ragged or frayed
• do not wear oily, greasy, or synthetic clothes
• wear clothing that will protect from dirt, chips and sparks
• do not tuck pant legs in boots when working near metalworking tools

Question 11

How do long hair and beards affect one’s safety?

Answer 11

• hair and beards can get caught in machinery or catch fire

- can also help cause asphyxiation from ill fitted ppe

Question 12

What are the dangers of wearing jewelry on the job?

Answer 12

• shock hazard when working near electrical equipment

- loss of finger of ring gets caught in machinery

Question 13

What type of head protection is used to protect the worker from falling objects and/or electrical shock?

Answer 13

• hard hats

- Class B hard hats for electrical workers

Question 14

How are the lungs protected from airborne particulate matter and/or toxin?

Answer 14

• masks and respirators

Question 15

What must be considered when choosing eye protection?

Answer 15

• choose a type of style that will protect you in the job that you are doing
• use CSA approved eye protection

Question 16

What must be considered when choosing hearing protection?

Answer 16

• choose a style that will protect you in the job that you are doing
• ear plugs should be pliable, fit each ear tightly, and be kept clean and free from damage
• ear muffs make it easier to hear certain signals in noisy environments
• headphones designed for audio are not suitable protection

Question 17

What must be considered when choosing hand protection?

Answer 17

Use the correct gloves

• thermally insulated when handling hot/cold materials
• rubber when handling acids or cleaning solutions
• gauntlet style welder’s gloves for welding or flame cutting
• approved rubber gloves for electrical (only)
• leather or vinyl-coated for handling lumber or steel

Question 18

How are the feet protected from injury on an industrial work site?

Answer 18

• wear CSA approved footwear

Question 19

What are the important factors to remember when starting and stopping machines?

Answer 19

• ## be sure equipment or machine is free from obstruction and that everyone is all clear before activation

Question 20

What is a zero mechanical state in reference to a machine’s operability?

Answer 20

• all energy sources — electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic or gravitational — must be made inoperative

Question 21

Who should remove your lock and tag from a machine when the work is completed and it is safe to operate?

Answer 21

-no one, other than the person who placed the locks and tags, can remove them. Operators and other workers are strictly forbidden to remove either the tag or the lock.

Question 22

What must be done if a power tool has a shield or guard missing?

Answer 22

• report any damage or defects and return the tool
• remove from service
• repair and return tool to service

Question 23

To what standards must electrical tools comply?

Answer 23

• Electrical tools must meet CSA standards and comply with WCB regulations

Question 24

What is the difference between an ordinary plug and a polarized plug?

Answer 24

• these tools have power cords with no ground pin in the plug but may be polarized to fit the socket in only one way

Question 25

Describe the precautions that should be taken when using electrical tools.

Answer 25

- make sure the insulation in the power or extension cord is it cut or frayed. Position the cord so it is not damaged while in use - do not operate electrical equipment in wet locations - do not lift or move an electrical tool by its power cord - always remove a plug by grasping the plug and pulling t straight out of the receptacle - always disconnect, unplug, or lock out electrical equipment before working on a tool/machine.

Question 26

Describe the precautions that should be taken when operating pneumatic tools.

Answer 26

- route air hoses overhead or out of the way to prevent tripping hazards - protect hoses from being cut or run over - never use compressed air on people

Question 27

What is an important safety considerations when you are moved to a new shop or industrial setting?

Answer 27

- locate and learn how to use the emergency shutdown

Question 28

Why is it important to understand and use workshop ventilation systems?

Answer 28

- workshops usually have some type of ventilation equipment for exhausting harmful dust or fumes

Question 29

Describe combustion.

Answer 29

- Fire, or combustion, is a form of oxidation. During the process of oxidation, energy is released in the form of heat — sometimes accompanied by light

Question 30

Describe the fire triangle.

Answer 30

- Fuel (a combustible material such as wood, gasoline, paper or cloth) - Heat (sufficient to raise the fuel to its “ignition point”) - Oxygen, usually in the form of air (to sustain combustion)

Question 31

With regard to the fire triangle, how is fire prevented and likewise extinguished?

Answer 31

- keeping the three components of the fire triangle separate will prevent a fire from occurring. Likewise, an existing fire can be extinguished by removing any one of the three components 1. Remove the fuel — result: starvation 2. Remove the heat — result: cooling 3. Remove the oxygen — result: smothering

Question 32

Name and describe the principal causes of fire.

Answer 32

Welding and burning: - flying sparks, welding against combustibles, poor grounding during welding Electrical sources: - motors burning, broken wiring, light bulbs in contact with combustibles, unprotected electrical components in dust areas Friction: - fallen material on fast moving surface, belt running against fixed surface, hot bearing failure Other sources: - smokers, poor ventilation and housekeeping

Question 33

Describe the four classes of fire and identify the extinguisher required for each.

Answer 33

Fires involving ordinary combustibles (Class A): - use the heat absorbing (cooling) affects to retard fire Fires involving flammable combustible vapours (Class B): - use extinguishers preventing vapour from being released or interrupting them Fires involving energized electrical equipment (Class C): - use non conductive extinguishing elements to protect the operator (only when electrical equipment is de-energized use Class A or B) Fires involving combustible metals (Class D): - use heat absorbing non reactive extinguisher or by smothering Fires involving kitchen grease oils (Class K)

Question 34

Describe how fire extinguishers are used.

Answer 34

- stream the extinguisher at the base of the fire, working from edge to centre. Do not direct the nozzle at the general location of the flames. - position yourself where any breeze or draft is moving away from you towards the fire, so that he flames are not fanning towards you - always make sure that you have a means of escape in the event the fire is not brought under control

Question 35

What information is found on the nameplates of fire extinguishers?

Answer 35

- the nameplates of fire extinguishers designate, by means of rating code, the type(s) of fires for which the equipment can be used

Question 36

What is meant by first-aid firefighting?

Answer 36

- is extinguishing a fire in its initial stages by using whatever is readily at hand, before he fire can become too large

Question 37

Why must caution be exercised with regard to gases produced from burning materials?

Answer 37

- some materials produce toxic gases when burning

Question 38

What fire extinguisher would be required to fight an ordinary hazard - 10 sq.ft. of class-B fire?

Answer 38

- 1A 10-B:C | - 2A 10-B:C

Question 39

What WCB manual should people working in confied spaces become familiar with?

Answer 39

- WCB manual “confined space entry” | - section 13, health hazards and work environment controls in WCB “industrial health and safety regulations”

Question 40

What are the minimum elements a confined space program must include?

Answer 40

- workers must be trained and upgraded as necessary in confined space work and rescue requirements - responsibility must be assigned to ensure program coordination and accountability - confined spaces must be identified. Workers must be made aware of their locations and dangers - written procedures must be available to workers - personal protective equipment that meets acceptable standards must be provided and worn - the confined space must be isolated from outside sources of danger. Equipment in a confined space must be locked out when worked on. - entry and exit pints must be provided with equipment for safe access and rescue - a safe atmosphere must be ensured - atmospheric testing must be carried out by a qualified person using properly calibrated equipment - cleaning and purging must be carried out, where necessary, to ensure worker safety - fires must be prevented by controlling sources of ignition and flammable materials - physical hazards from material collapse, electricity, lightning, noise, or temperature extremes must be controlled