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Flashcards in Chapter 11 Deck (63)
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1
Q

Why had Europeans been kept out of Africa prior to the late 1800’s

A

Powerful African armies were able to keep Europeans out as well as malaria

2
Q

Who was David livingstone

A

A missionary from Scotland who traveled Africa to promote Christianity

3
Q

Who was Henry Stanley

A

A reporter hired to find livingstone after he went missing

4
Q

Who was king Leopold II

A

The king of Belgium who commissioned Stanley to help him obtain land in the Congo

5
Q

Colonization of the Congo/ treatment of natives

A

Leopold claimed his motive was to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity but he brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap and many died due to abuse

6
Q

What are the four reasons for imperialism

A

New market or raw material, nationalism, racism, and missionaries or spread of Christianity

7
Q

Who was Cecil Rhodes

A

A successful businessman and a major supporter of British expansion

8
Q

What are missionaries

A

People who traveled trying to change people to Christianity

9
Q

What are the external reasons Europeans were able to conquer so much of Africa

A

Cure for malaria, maxim gun, railroads

10
Q

What are the internal reasons Europeans were able to conquer so much of Africa

A

Varieties of cultures, primitive technology, ethnic wars, hundreds of languages

11
Q

What was the Berlin conference

A

Meant to prevent conflict in European nations and lay down rules for the division of Africa. There were 14 European nations invited and no African leaders

12
Q

What was the situation in South Africa before British involvement

A

Many competing claims over areas between ethnic groups

13
Q

What were boers

A

Dutch settlers

14
Q

What was the Great Trek

A

Several thousand boers moved north to escape the British

15
Q

How was the new imperialism different from the exploration of the 15th and 16th centuries

A

In the earlier period, imperial powers often did not penetrate far into the conquered areas of Asia and Africa

16
Q

What were the 4 forms of colonial control used

A

Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism

17
Q

Explain the form of colonial control called colony

A

A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power

18
Q

Explain the form of colonial control called protectorate

A

A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

19
Q

Explain the form of colonial control called sphere of influence

A

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

20
Q

Explain the form of colonial control called economic imperialism

A

An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments

21
Q

What is an indirect method of management

A

Limited self rule, wanted to develop future leaders based on European style

22
Q

What is a direct method of management

A

No self rule, assimilation, based on only European styles

23
Q

What is paternalism

A

A policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but giving them rights

24
Q

What is assimilation

A

A policy in which a nation forces a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs

25
Q

Compare resistance movements in Algeria and German East Africa

A

Algeria resistances were military bases while in German East Africa they were religious based

26
Q

What was the maji maji rebellion

A

Over 20 different ethnic groups rose up to fight for their freedom against Germans. They believed their war had been ordained by God and their ancestors would return to life and assist them

27
Q

What was the outcome of the resistance movements

A

The resistance fighters were mowed down by the thousands and the Germans were shaken up and made government reforms

28
Q

Who was menelik II

A

Emperor of Ethiopia

29
Q

How did Ethiopia maintain its independence

A

Menelik played the Italian, French, and British against each other. He also bought weapons from russia

30
Q

What were the negative effects of imperialism in Africa

A

Lost control of land and independent, death from European diseases and fighting, famines due to cash crops, breakdown of cultures, and division of the continent

31
Q

Identify the positive effects of imperialism in Africa

A

Reduced local warfare, life span and literacy increased, and economic gains through developed railroads, dams, and communication

32
Q

Why did the Ottoman Empire begin to fall apart

A

Weak sultans, quarreling factions, corruption, poor economy, and nationalism

33
Q

What are geopolitics

A

Policies influence by geographic factors

34
Q

What was the influence of the Black Sea/Crimea

A

Land locked countries had to go through the Ottoman Empire to get to the Black Sea

35
Q

What was the Crimea war

A

A fight over land on the Black Sea

36
Q

What countries were involved in the Crimea war

A

Russia, Ottoman Empire, Britain, France

37
Q

What was the result/impact of the Crimean war

A

Russia was defeated and the ottoman empires weaknesses showed

38
Q

Who was Florence nightingale

A

The first female army nurse

39
Q

Who was Muhammad Ali

A

The leader of Egypt who made reforms in the military and economy

40
Q

What change did Muhammad Ali make in agriculture and what were the effects

A

He made cotton a new cash crop which made a decrease a food production

41
Q

What was the significance of the Suez Canal

A

It connected the Mediterranean to the Red Sea making trade easier

42
Q

Who built the Suez Canal

A

The French and Egyptians

43
Q

What eventually led to British occupation of Egypt

A

High debt from building the canal

44
Q

What two countries took over parts of persia

A

Russia and Britain

45
Q

What was the leading power in India

A

British east India company

46
Q

The east India company rules with little interference from_____________.

A

British government

47
Q

What are sepoys

A

Indian soldiers under British control

48
Q

Why was India considered the brightest “jewel in the crown”

A

It was the most valuable of the British colonies

49
Q

What were the positive effects of British rule over India

A

The laying of the worlds third longest railroad network, developed a modern economy, sanitation improved, and literacy increased

50
Q

What were negative effects of British rule over India

A

The British help most political and economical power, British restricted indian owned industries such as cotton textiles, and reduced food production

51
Q

What was the sepoy mutiny

A

Animal fat on weapons you hat to bite going against religion. British imprisoned those that wouldn’t do it. Indian soldiers rebelled

52
Q

What was the impact of the sepoy mutiny

A

British government took direct control of India. Divided the country into provinces and districts

53
Q

Why was Southeast Asia considered valuable european/western nations

A

Providing ports and trading spots

54
Q

What lands did the Dutch claim

A

Indonesia

55
Q

What land did the British claim

A

Singapore, Malaysia, and Burma

56
Q

What land did the French claim

A

Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia (called French Indochina)

57
Q

How did Siam remain independent

A

Siames Kings skillfully promoted Siam as a neutral zone between Britain and France

58
Q

What is Siam now called

A

Thailand

59
Q

How did the U.S. Obtain the Philippines

A

As a result of the Spanish American war

60
Q

Who is Emilio aguinaldo

A

Leader of the Filipino nationalists

61
Q

How did the U.S. Aquire Hawaii

A

American businessmen overthrew the Hawaiian queen

62
Q

Who is Queen Liliuokalani

A

Hawaiian queen who was overthrown by wealthy American businessmen

63
Q

What was Africa like before imperialism

A

It was divided into hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups and followed traditional beliefs