Chapter 11 - Physical development, middle childhood

Question 1

Height and weight

Answer 1

• @ age 6, average N American child weighs 45 lbs and is 3.5 ft tall
• over next few years, 2-3” per year in height and 5 lbs in weight are added each year

Question 2

Secular trends in physical growth

Answer 2

Changes in body size from one generation to the next - occurs in industrialized nations over past 150 years. Suggests that the larger size of children today is due to a faster rate of physical development

Question 3

Malocclusion

Answer 3

Condition in which the upper and lower teeth do not met properly

Question 4

Brain development

Answer 4

• Weight of brain increases only by 10% during middle childhood
• Significant growth of white matter (myelinated nerve fibers) and grey matter (neurons and supportive material)

Question 5

Obesity

Answer 5

a greater than 20% increase over healthy weight, based on body mass index (BMI) , a ratio of weight to height associated with body fat. A BMI above the 85th percentile for a child’s age and sex is considered overweight, a BMI above the 95th percentile is obese.

Question 6

Factors that contribute to childhood obesity

Answer 6

• heredity
• socioeconomic status
• early growth patterns
• family eating habits
• responsiveness to food cues
• physical activity
• television viewing
• early malnutrition

Question 7

Nocturnal enuresis

Answer 7

Bedwetting during the night. Affects more boys than girls, with heredity being a major contributing factor.

Question 8

Gross motor achievements between ages 6 and 12

Answer 8

• Flexibility
• Balance
• Agility
• Force

Question 9

Rough-and-tumble play

Answer 9

Friendly chasing and play-fighting in childhood. Seems to originate in parents (esp fathers) physical play with their children. Resembles the social behavior of many other mammals.

Question 10

Dominance hierarchy

Answer 10

A stable ordering of group members that predicts who will win when conflict arises.