What are the results when community members hold negative perceptions of police (whether justifiable or not), they are:
- Less likely to alert police when crime is occurring
- Less likely to cooperate with investigations, thereby preventing officers from solving crimes
- Less likely to serve as witnesses, thereby preventing successful prosecution of criminals
- More likely to wait until it’s too late to report crime
- More likely to disregard the law, thereby committing more fences
- More likely to disobey a lawful order by a police officer
The primary goals of performance appraisal systems are two-fold:
- To ensure that employees are aware of the expectations the organizations has of them
- To assess their activities and performance accordingly
NOTE: Performance appraisal systems are perhaps the clearest annunciation of what employees should do and achieve and, in that sense, represent the very essence of an agency.
Community Policing Generalists: Adopting agency wide implementation does the following; (4)
- Removes any potential tension between a special unit and rest of the department.
- Enables agencies to emphasize the importance of proactive problem solving and partnership development to all officers and builds these activities
- It recognizes the belief that community policing principles are applicable to all aspects of police business.
- It increases the potential scope and breadth of community policing efforts and facilitates its eventual institutionalization.
Having a dedicated group of officer, assigned full-time to community policing offers a number of advantages. What are they: (3)
- They have sufficient time to dedicate to proactive problem solving and partnership building
- It is easier for agencies to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to maximize efforts.
- Specialized units can increase visibility of community policing both within the department and to the community.
The Downside of Agency wide Implementation of Community Policing includes: (3)
- It can result in a watered-down version of community policing.
- Officers frequently report that they do not have sufficient time to devote to community policing.
- It can be difficult for large agencies to provide adequate training to large numbers of officers in the depth necessary to fully realize the benefits of community policing.
Carpenter and raza found that police applicants differ from other occupational groups in several ways. Police applicants are: (3)
- psychologically healthy
- more homogeneous
- more like military personnel in their conformance to authority
Skolnick observed that this is one of the most important facets in the development of a police working personality.
Danger
The possibility of armed confrontations shapes the following aspects:
- training
- patrol preoccupations
- operating procedures
- the relationship between citizen and policeman by generating mutual apprehension
Isolation is a physical and emotional condition that makes it difficult for members of one social group to have relationships and interact with members of another. This feeling of separateness from the surrounding community is a frequently noted attribute of this.
Police subculture
According to Baldwin and Skolnick, police iimpose social isolation upon themselves as a means of protection against the following: (3)
- real and perceived dangers
- loss of personal and professional autonomy
- social rejection
The chief often has the most to lose if the new approach (CP) appears to fail or produces embarrassing mistakes. One of the ways in which the traditional system makes the chief of a winner is that it promotes this.
Predicability
CP put this person on the hook for many problems that the traditional system does not.
Chief
The cultural strings that have held policing together must be severed if CP is to make a meaningful foothold in the police institution. What are the cultural strings?
- danger
2 isolation - control
- authority
College-educated officers probably tend to generate fewer citizen complaints (use of force related) because:
- They may be more likely to explore other options first, whenever possible.
- They also have a greater grasp of the complexity and diversity in the real world…
It appears that the most critical determinant of future success as a CPO is this.
Superior communication skills
In regards to new college-educated CPO’s - The major problem that police managers will have to contend with is: (2)
- how to hold on to them
2. how to insulate them from the negative effects of the police culture
In regards to police and education: the book names 5 courses that would enhance an individual’s overall knowledge about how the real world works: (5)
- psychology
- sociology
- anthropology
- economics
- business administration
