allopatric
describes the condition in which population or species have nonoverlapping geographic ranges
allopolyploidy
a process of speciation initiated by hybridization of two different species
character displacement
changes in the physical characteristics of a species’ populations as a consequence of natural selection for reduced interspecific competition
competition coefficient
a coefficient expressing the magnitude of negative effect of individuals one species on individuals of a seconds species
competitive exclusion principle
the principle that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely
fetch
the longest distance over which wind can blow across a body of water; directly related to the maximum size of waves that can be generated by wind
granivore
an animal that feeds chiefly on seeds
interspecific competition
competition between individuals of different species
intraspecific competition
competition between individuals of the same species
isoclines of zero population growth
lines, in the graphical representation of the Lotka-Volterra competition model, where population growth of the species in competition is zero
priority effect
a situation in which a species establishing itself in greater numbers in a place before the establishment of potential competitors wins in competition with species arriving later
resource (exploitative) competition
intraspecific or interspecific competition for limited resources, generally not involving direct antagonistic interactions between individuals
resource limitation
limitation of population growth by resource availability
self-thinning
reduction in population density as a stand of plant increases in biomass, due to intraspecific competition
-3/2 self-thinning rule
a rule resulting from the observation that plotting the average weight of individual plants in a stand against density often produces a line with an average slope of approximately
sympatric
describes the condition in which populations or species have overlapping geographic ranges
