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CSO Exam 2018 > Chapter 18: MNT for Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 18: MNT for Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is ER?

A

Estrogen receptors

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2
Q

What is PR?

A

Progesterone receptors

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3
Q

What is HER-2

A

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

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4
Q

What are the two biggest risk factors for breast cancer

A

Being female and age

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5
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer?

A

Obesity and use of combined estrogen and progestin hormone therapy (and possibly alcohol).

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6
Q

Other breast cancer risk factors?

A

dense breast tissue, high bone mineral density, biopsy-confirmed hyperplasia and never having children or having a first child after age 30.

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7
Q

What are two standard treatments for women with ER+ breast cancer (in addition to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy)?

A

Hormonal therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors.

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8
Q

How do aromatase inhibitors work?

A

Aromatase inhibitors stop the production of estrogen in postmenopausal women.

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9
Q

How do selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) work?

A

Decrease growth of estrogen-sensitive cells by binding to the estrogen receptor.

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10
Q

Aromatase inhibitors are associated with ____?

A

Bone loss, so patients taking these drugs need adequate calcium and vitamin D.

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11
Q

DRIs for Calcium for women?

A

1000 mg/day for women 19-50

1200 mg/day for women over 50

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12
Q

DRIs for Vitamin D?

A

600 IU/day for adults 19-70

800 IU/day for adults over 70

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13
Q

NIS from Chemotherapy?

A

Decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, emotional changes, constipation, diarrhea, mucositis and taste changes (can lead to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies)

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14
Q

What is the longest lasting side effect of radiation?

A

Fatigue (which can make it difficult to prepare meals and eat at regular intervals)

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15
Q

T/F: Aerobic activity and resistance training appear to be safe and effective in reducing the incidence of lymphedema>

A

True

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16
Q

____ is a major risk factor for lymphedema?

A

Obesity

17
Q

T/F: Women with breast cancer are less likely to present with weight loss and malnutrition?

A

True

18
Q

T/F: The RD should assist with nutrition interventions that encourage gradual weight loss while maintaining lean body mass to prevent sarcopenia?

A

True

19
Q

MNT for Breast Cancer

A
  1. Promote gradual weight loss while preserving lean body mass. 2. Manage NIS during treatment. 3. Promote post-operative recovery with adequate cal/pro. 4. Survivorship plan that encourages a healthy weight and healthy foods
20
Q

Omega-3 Fatty Acids should not be consumed in excess of ____ grams per day?

A

3 grams

21
Q

T/F: Consuming 2-3 servings of soy food per day is safe?

A

True

22
Q

Tips to reduce breast cancer risk

A
  1. Be physically active. 2. eat plenty of fruits/vegetables. 3. Choose carbohydrate wisely. 4. Focus on Healthy fats. 5. select beverages carefully.
23
Q

Calorie and protein needs for breast cancer?

A

25-30 kcal/kg

1.0-1.5 g/kg

24
Q

T/F: Higher fiber intake may lower breast cancer risk?

A

True

25
Q

T/F: The benefits of soy are seen with soy food rather than with the supplement?

A

True

26
Q

EPA and DHA intake greater than ____ mg/day (from marine sources) lowers breast cancer events by 25%.

A

73 mg / day

27
Q

Breast cancer patients with central obesity have a high prevalence of ___?

A

Metabolic syndrome.

28
Q

How does physical activity help to reduce breast cancer risk?

A

Reduce sex hormone levels
Reduce insulin resistance
Reduce inflammation
Strengthen the immune system

29
Q

Example of SERM?

A

Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Fluvestrant

30
Q

T/F: Triple negative breast cancer is the easiest to treat?

A

Fasle

31
Q

What medication is used to treat HER2 breast cancer?

A

Herceptin (Trastuzumab)

CSO Exam 2018 (32 decks)

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