Chapter 2

Question 1

What mixture is the smallest in molecule size, and stays mixed (particles never settle).

Answer 1

Solution

Question 2

What contains a medium particles and stays mixed enough to stay suspended and not settle?

Answer 2

Colloids

Question 3

What has larger particles and does not stay mixed unless its kept moving
EX) Blood

Answer 3

Suspension

Question 4

What type of bond shares electrons?

Answer 4

Covalent Bonds

Question 5

What type of bond has a weak attraction between molecules
EX) Water sticking to water

Answer 5

Hydrogen Bond

Question 6

What bond gives away an electron, and the other takes that electron? One becomes positive, the other negative?

Answer 6

Ionic Bond

Question 7

What are catalysts?

Answer 7

Increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product

Enzymes are biological catalysts

Question 8

Speed of chemical reactions are affected by?

Answer 8

Temperature increase temp increase rate of reaction

concentration of reactants
Particle size
smaller particles usually increase rate

Question 9

What is an exergonic reactions?

Answer 9

Net release of energy (give off energy)

Question 10

What is an endergonic reaction?

Answer 10

net absorption of energy (use up energy)

Question 11

What is redox or reduction-oxidation reaction?

Answer 11

Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons)
Reduction Is Gain (of electrons)

Question 12

What type of reaction is this?

A+B —–> AB

Answer 12

Synthesis (building combining)

Question 13

What type of reaction is this?

AB—->A + B

Answer 13

Decompostion (breaking down/ seperating)

Question 14

What type of reaction is this ?
A + B —–> AC + B

Answer 14

Displacement (aka exchange)
Where one element replaces another

Question 15

What is the Product?

4H +1C——> CH4 (methane)

Answer 15

CH4 (methane)

Question 16

What is reactant?

H+ H—-> H2 (hydrogen gas)

Answer 16

H+H

Question 17

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids are what type of compounds?

Answer 17

Organic compounds

Question 18

Water salts and many acids and bases are what type of compounds?

Answer 18

Inorganic

Question 19

What are cations?

Answer 19

Positively charged molecules

Question 20

What are anions?

Answer 20

negatively charged

Question 21

What is the pH scale?

Answer 21

measurement of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Question 22

The pH scale is logarithmic, and each pH unit represents a 10-fold difference

What is a pH of 5______ times more acidic than pH of 6?

Answer 22

10 times

Question 23

is a pH of 4 acidic or basic or neutral?

Answer 23

acidic

Question 24

Is a pH of 7 Acidic, basic, or neutral?

Answer 24

It is neutral

Question 25

What are buffers?

Answer 25

Convert strong bases or acids into weak ones

Question 26

Is a pH of 9 acidic, basic, or neutral?

Answer 26

basic

Question 27

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 27

One single sugar

Question 28

What is the smallest unit of carbohydrate?

Answer 28

Momomers

Question 29

What are disaccarides?

Answer 29

2 sugars

Question 30

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 30

many sugars

Question 31

Examples of monosacharides?

Answer 31

GLucose, fructose, galactose

Question 32

Examples of disaccharides?

Answer 32

Sucrose, maltose and lactose

Question 33

Example of polysaccharides?

Answer 33

glycogen

Question 34

What is a triglyceride composed of?

Answer 34

composed of three fatty acids (linear hydrocarbons) bonded to a glycerol molecule (sugar alcohol) by dehydration synthesis

Question 35

What is a saturated fat?

Answer 35

At room temp, molecules of saturated fat, such as butter, are packed closely together, forming a solid

Question 36

What is an unsaturated fat?

Answer 36

At room temperature, molecules of unsaturated fat, such as olive oil, cannot pack together closely enough to solidify because of kinks (DOUBLE BOND) in at least one of their fatty acid chains.

Question 37

What are phospholipids?

Answer 37

Modified triglyceride glycerol and two fatty acids plus a phosphorus-containing group

Question 38

What are the phospholipid head and tails?

Answer 38

head is polar or hydrophilic (attracted to water) Tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic (repelled by water)

Question 39

All proteins are made up of how many different types of amino acids?

Answer 39

20 types

Question 40

Levels of protein Structure

Answer 40

Primary Structure Amino acids form the polypeptide chain Secondary Structure Primary chain forms spirals and sheets Tertiary Structure superimposed on secondary folded up to form a compact globular molecule held together by intramolecular bonds Quaternary Structure 2 or more polypeptide chains each with own tertiary structure combine to form functional protein

Question 41

What are the complementary base pairings for DNA?

Answer 41

A always pairs with T G always pairs with C

Question 42

What is RNA?

Answer 42

A single-stranded linear molecule that contains a ribose sugar

Question 43

What is the base pairing for RNA?

Answer 43

A always pairs with U G always pairs with C