Chapter 2 (Full Terms)

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

surrounds and protects the cell; regulates what goes in and out the cell

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

controls the operations of the cell

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

Question 4

catabolism

Answer 4

process where nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

Question 6

How many chromosomes are there?

Answer 6

46 Total, 23 pairs

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Question 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 10

What happens in the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Question 11

Genes

Answer 11

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

Total of the chemical processes in a cell

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell

Question 15

nucleus

Answer 15

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Question 16

Adipose tissue

Answer 16

Collection of fat cells

Question 17

Cartilage

Answer 17

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

Question 18

Epithelial cells

Answer 18

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Question 19

Larynx

Answer 19

Voice box; located above trachea

Question 20

Pharynx

Answer 20

Throat. Passageway for food and air

Question 21

Pituitary gland

Answer 21

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

Question 22

Thyroid Gland

Answer 22

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 23

Trachea

Answer 23

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes.)

Question 24

Ureter

Answer 24

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 25

Uterus

Answer 25

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.

Question 26

Viscera

Answer 26

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

Question 27

Vertebrae

Answer 27

Backbone(S)

Question 28

Vertebra

Answer 28

Single backbone

Question 29

Spinal column

Answer 29

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

Question 30

Spinal Cord

Answer 30

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

Question 31

Disc

Answer 31

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Question 32

Anterior

Answer 32

Front side of the body

Question 33

Ventral

Answer 33

Front side of the body

Question 34

Posterior

Answer 34

Back side of the body

Question 35

Dorsal

Answer 35

Back side of the body

Question 36

Deep

Answer 36

Away from the surface

Question 37

Superficial

Answer 37

On the surface

Question 38

Proximal

Answer 38

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure. (ex. The proximal end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the hip socket.)

Question 39

Distal

Answer 39

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure (ex. At its distal end, the femur joins with the knee.)

Question 40

Inferior

Answer 40

Below another structure (ex. The feet are at the inferior part of the body. They are inferior to the knees.)

Question 41

Superior

Answer 41

Above another structure (ex. The head lies superior to the neck.)

Question 42

Medial

Answer 42

Pertaining to the middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body.

Question 43

Lateral

Answer 43

Pertaining to the side. (Ex. When in the anatomic position (palms of the hands facing outward), the thumb is lateral.)

Question 44

Supine

Answer 44

Lying on the back

Question 45

Prone

Answer 45

Lying on the belly

Question 46

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 46

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions. (Front and back)

Question 47

Sagittal (lateral) plane

Answer 47

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. (left and right)

Question 48

Transverse (axial) plane

Answer 48

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground. (top and bottom)

Question 49

Ribosomes

Answer 49

build long chains of proteins

Question 50

Abdomen

Question 51

Abdominal Cavity

Question 52

Adipose

Question 53

Anterior

Question 54

Cartilage