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NeuroEndo > chapter 20b gastro > Flashcards

chapter 20b gastro Flashcards

1
Q

GI function is regulated to

A

maximize absorption, regardless of whether nutrients are need

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2
Q

regulation of GI function is ___ based on concept of homeostasis

A

NOT

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3
Q

reflexes mediated through the ____ control many GI functions

A

enteric nervous system

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4
Q

___ is paired with enteric nervous system to control GI

A

ANS

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5
Q

stimulates gastric secretion and motility, stimulates ileal motility and relaxes ileocecal sphincter, stimulates mass movement of colon

A

gastrin (stomach)

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6
Q

inhibits gastric secretion and motility, potentiates actions of secretin on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion, stimulates bile secretion by liver, stimulates gallbladder contraction and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi

A

cholecystokinin CCK (duodenum and jejunum)

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7
Q

inhibits gastric secretion and motility, stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion potentiates actions of CCK on pancreatic enzyme secretion, stimulates bile secretion by liver

A

secretin (duodenum and jejunum)

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8
Q

inhibits gastric secretion and motility, stimulates insulin secretion by pancreas

A

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (duodenum and jejunum)

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9
Q

what are the three phases of GI control

A
  1. cephalic (head)
  2. gastric (stomach)
  3. intestinal (small intestine)
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10
Q

hormone released from adipose cells when calories exceed demands, suppresses hunger and increases metabolism

A

leptin

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11
Q

named after a related gene controlling hair color in rodents. powerful antagonist of MC3R and MC4R melanocortin receptors in the hypothalamus

A

agouti-related protein (AGRP) - obese people have elvated levels

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12
Q

produced in hypothalamic neurons and other neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. stimulates appetite via several receptors

A

neuropeptide Y (NPY)

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13
Q

neuropeptide precursor protein that is abundant in hypothalamus, unregulated after cocaine or amphetamine administration

A

cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART)

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14
Q

reduce food intake when injected into the third cerebral ventricle

A

CART derived peptides

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15
Q

precursor protein for melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), release of ___ product, beta-endorphin, is regulated by NPY

A

pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)

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16
Q

effective peptide that binds to receptors on neurons and other tissues. inhibits food intake and fat deposition

A

alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)

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17
Q

what are two satiety factors

A

insulin and CCK

18
Q

what are two orexigenic factors (appetite stimulating)

A

ghrelin and resistin

19
Q

____ cells produce hydrochloric acid

A

parietal

20
Q

net result of acid production

A
  1. H and Cl are secreted into the lumen of stomach

2. bicarbonate enters the interstitial fluid and then blood

21
Q

what three factors secrete acid

A
  1. PNS
  2. gastrin
  3. histamine (paracrine)
22
Q

____ stimulates gastrin secretion

A

PNS

23
Q

increased acidity ___ gastrin release

A

inhibits

24
Q

effects of food entry into duodenum

A

+ = osmolarity, fat and acid, distention

25
Q

small volume of primary secretion contains water, electrolytes, and digestive enzymes

A

acinar cells

26
Q

large volume cells, bicarbonate rich secretion

A

duct cells

27
Q

hormones secreted by duodenum in response to the partially digested output from the stomach, which is called chyme

A

CCK cholecystokinin

28
Q

CCK stimulates ___ cells to secrete enzymes

A

acinar

29
Q

secretin stimulates ___ cells to secrete bicarbonate

A

duct

30
Q

stimuli for CCK release

A

fat and amino acids in duodenum

31
Q

stimuli for secretin release

A

acidity in duodenum

32
Q

stimulates bile secretion from liver

A

secretin

33
Q

stimulates gallbladder contraction and relaxation of sphincter of oddi

A

CCK

34
Q

name three incretins

A
  1. glucagon like peptide - 1
  2. oxyntomodulin (OXM)
  3. glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
35
Q

secreted from L cells of the ileum and colon, hormone/neurotransmitter has half life of only 1-2 minutes, has receptors in the brain. stimulates insulin secretion by beta-cells

A

glucagon like peptide - 1

36
Q

secreted from L cells, hormones appears to exert its effect through receptors for GLP - 1 as well as OXM specific receptors

A

oxyntomodulin (OXM)

37
Q

secreted from k cells, hormone inhibits gastric motility and stimulates insulin secretion

A

glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

38
Q

important pair of neurotransmitters are derived from a common precursor together with their G-protein linked receptors OX1-R and OX2-R. arousal from sleep and food seeking behavior

A

orexins A and B (hypocretins)

39
Q

accounts for migrating motility complex, “housekeeping contractions”, stimulates upper GI motility

A

motilin

40
Q

found in gastric/duodenal mucosa and pancreas, stimulated by acid, inhibited by Ach, inhibits the release of all gut hormones

A

somatostatin

41
Q

gastrin and Ach cause release from cells in stomach, stimulates acid secretion

A

histamine

NeuroEndo (6 decks)

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