Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do we get a vibration of the vocal folds?

A

We move the vocal folds into the air stream to get the vibration

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2
Q

Phonation

A

Production of voice through action of the vocal folds in relation to the air stream

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3
Q

Can you have sound without energy?

A

No

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4
Q

Vocal Folds

A

Sound source for voiced speech

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5
Q

What is the energy/power source?

A

Lungs

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6
Q

What is the vibratory source?

A

Vocal folds

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7
Q

What is the biological function of the vocal folds?

A

It is the gateway for breathing, it protects the airway/lungs, it expels foreign substances from the lungs by coughing, and it stabilizes the thoracic cavity for power in lifting/pushing (stabilized the core)

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8
Q

What is the additional function of the vocal folds?

A

Voices/phonates for speech production

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9
Q

The larynx produces…

A

Phonation

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10
Q

Phonemes are based on 3 things…

A

Voicing, place, manner

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11
Q

Voiced phoneme

A

Speech sounds made with a voiced component (z or d)

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12
Q

Voiceless phoneme

A

Speech sounds made without a voiced component (s or p)

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13
Q

How many pairs of muscles does the larynx used to close/protect the respiratory system?

A

3

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14
Q

How many pairs of muscles does the larynx used to open the respiratory system?

A

1

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15
Q

What is the larynx made of?

A

3 paired cartilages, 3 unpaired cartilages, ligaments& muscles, and mucosal membranes

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16
Q

What do mucosal membranes help with?

A

If you are hydrated the mucosal membranes help the vocal folds slide better

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17
Q

Characteristics of the larynx in infants

A

Sits higher than C4 (cervical vertebra), is narrow and high, laryngeal cartilages are pliable which can cause stridor (floppiness), 1/3 side of adult larynx

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18
Q

Characteristics of the larynx in adults

A

Structures elongate as we age, adjacent to C4-C6 (cervical vertebra), averages length in males in 44 mm and in females 36 mm (larger=men have deeper voices)

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19
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

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20
Q

Epiglottis

A

A leaf like shape that covers the airway during swallowing (to protect larynx and airway from food)

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21
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

The largest cartilage, rocks back and forth at the cricothyroid joint, articulates with the hyoid bone

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22
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Ring-shaped, attaches at the trachea

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23
Q

Is the thyroid cartilage different than the thyroid gland?

A

yes

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24
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, cuneiform cartilage

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25
Arytenoid cartilages
Posterior point of attachment for the vocal folds, found at the upper surface of the cricoid cartilage (triangles that the vocal folds attach to)
26
Corniculate cartilages
Found on the superior surface of the arytenoid cartilage (sit on top of arytenoid)
27
Cuneiform cartilage
The smallest cartilage in the larynx that provides rigidity for the vocal folds, found in the aryepiglottic folds (only can see in an internal view-2 bumps)
28
Hyoid bone structure & function
it is a U shaped bone, it is "floating" because it is the only bone not connected to another bone, it is attached to the tongue, it connects the tongue to thyroid cartilage, 23 muscles attach to it, it is dynamic and moves a lot
29
What type of joints are in the larynx?
Synovial joints (highly movable)
30
What are the 2 joints in the larynx?
Cricothyroid joint & cricoarytenoid join
31
Cricothyroid joint
A synovial joint that moves in a rocking and gliding rotation. It creates change in pitch
32
Cricoarytenoid joint
A synovial join that moves in a rocking and gliding rotation. It adducts the vocal folds and changes their length
33
Thyroid notch
The "adams apple" (a mans is usually bigger and a females is smaller)
34
Laminae
The flat potion on the thyroid cartilage
35
FEES
A swallowing study where you put a camera through the nose and watch the anatomy of the larynx as a person swallows different consistencies of food
36
Stroboscopy
Contains and endoscope, a microphone, and a flashing strobe light that gives a clearer and deeper picture of the vocal folds while a person is producing different vibrations
37
What are the vocal folds made out of?
Bands of mucous membranes, connective tissue, thyrovocalis muscle
38
What are the main ligaments in the larynx?
Median thyroidhyoid ligament, lateral thyroidhyoid ligament, thyroid membrane, median cricothyroid ligament, cricothyroid ligament, cricotracheal ligament
39
What is the function of the ligaments in the larynx?
They are fibrous connective tissue that connects and holds the bones are cartilages in the larynx together
40
What ligaments connect the larynx to the hyoid bone?
Lateral thyrohyoid ligament, median thyrohyoid ligament, thyrohyoid membrane
41
What ligaments connect the epiglottis to the larynx?
hyoepiglottic ligament, thyroepiglottic ligament
42
What ligaments connect epiglottis to the tongue?
lateral glossoepiglottic ligaments, median glossoepiglottic ligaments
43
What ligaments connect the thyroid to the cricoid?
Cricothyroid ligament, median cricothyroid ligament
44
What ligaments connect the larynx to the trachea?
Cricotracheal ligament
45
What are intrinsic muscles?
Muscles inside the vocal folds
46
What are extrinsic muscles?
Muscles outside of the vocal folds that support it
47
What are the adductor intrinsic muscles?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles & transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles
48
What are the abductor intrinsic muscles?
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
49
What are the glottal tensor intrinsic muscles?
Cricothyroid muscles, pars recta, pars oblique, and thyrovocalis (medial thyroarytenoid) muscles
50
What are the relaxers intrinsic muscles?
Thyromuscularis (lateral thyroarytenoid) muscles
51
What are the auxiliary musculature intrinsic muscles?
Thyroarytenoid muscles, superior thyroarytenoid muscles, aryepiglotticus muscles, thyroepiglotticus muscles
52
What do the hyoid and laryngeal elevators do?
Want to move up the complex of the larynx
53
What do the hyoid and laryngeal depressors do?
Want to move down the complex of the larynx
54
What exercise helps move up the complex of the larynx?
Mendolson excersize
55
What muscles attaches sternum to thyroid
Sternothyroid muscle
56
Origin
Fixed
57
Insertion
Moveable
58
What muscles attatches thyroid to hyoid?
thyrohyoid muscle
59
Laryngeal cancer
Cancer cells form in the tissues of the larynx (tumor) and this can effect the muscles of the larynx
60
Vocal fold paralysis
One or more of the vocal folds do not open/close properly which can be caused by stroke, accidents, thyroid surgery complications
61
Laryngectomy
Removal of a potion or the whole larynx (taking away someones voice)
62
Tracheostomy
Surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to insert a tube that allows you to breathe
63
Vocal Nodules
Bumps (caluses) on the vocal folds can cause you to sound breathy or raspy or hoarse
64
Vocal Polyps
Blisters on the vocal folds that are fluid filled (rough scratchy voice and cracking when speaking)
65
Myasthennia Gravis
Disorder of muscles (can cause voice and swallowing issues)
66
ALS
Disorder and break down of nerve impulses (swallowing difficulty, aspiration, speaking is more difficult)
67
Reinke's Edema
Fluid buildup that causes swelling (bc of abuse to the vocal folds- can lead to an abnormal voice)
68
Laryngitis
Temporary inflammation of the vocal folds because of infection
69
What condition does Mylie Cyrus have?
Reinke's edema
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