Chapter 4

Question 1

• refers to rainfall caught by vegetation or crown of trees

Answer 1

INTERCEPTION

Question 2

• Process by which raindrops are prevented from falling directly on to the soil surface by the presence of a layer of vegetation

Answer 2

INTERCEPTION

Question 3

Factors in Influencing Interception:

Answer 3

A.) Rainfall intensity, duration, and distribution
B.) Vegetation characteristics

Question 4

Importance of Interception:

Answer 4

1.) Influences soil moisture distribution
2.) Reduces the type and quantity of precipitation to be converted to overland flow.

Question 5

Types of Interception:

Answer 5

1.) Through fall
2.) Stem-flow
3.) Interception loss via evaporation

Question 6

• precipitation which is initially or not all intercepted by vegetation then falling directly to the ground.

Answer 6

Through fall

Question 7

• precipitation that is initially intercepted and flows through the stem.

Answer 7

Stem-flow

Question 8

– precipitation which is initially intercepted, then converted to water vapor.

Answer 8

Interception loss via evaporation

Question 9

• refers to the vertical entry of water
  from the surface into the soil

Answer 9

INFILTRATION

Question 10

• process of entering rain water in to soil strata of earth

Answer 10

INFILTRATION

Question 11

the infiltrated water first meets the soil moisture deficiency if any and excess water moves vertically downwards to reach the groundwater table. This vertical movement is called _________

Answer 11

PERCOLATION

Question 12

the maximum rate at which it is capable of absorbing water is called ____________

Answer 12

INFILTRATION CAPACITY

Question 13

Factors Affecting Infiltration Capacity:

Answer 13

1.) Thickness of saturated layer
2.) Soil moisture
3.) Compaction caused by rain
4.) In wash of fine materials
5.) Entrapped air
6.) Microbial activities
7.) Soil porosity
8.) Land uses – logging, road construction, kaingin, grazing

Question 14

• water that percolate to a great depth and then appears after long time intervals often as distant points as springs, artesian wells, and geysers (below water table)

Answer 14

PERCOLATION

Question 15

• the process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter

Answer 15

PERCOLATION

Question 16

FACTORS AFFECTING PERCOLATION:

Answer 16

1.) water content of soil
2.) vegetation
3.) depth of soil

Question 17

• refers to water flowing on soil surface as a result of soil saturation ____________ occurs when rate of precipitation exceeds the rates of which water infiltrates.

Answer 17

SURFACE RUNOFF

Question 18

FACTORS AFFECTING SURFACE RUNOFF:

Answer 18

1.) Climate factors
2.) Physiographic factors

Question 19

Climate factors

Answer 19

a.) Type of precipitation
b.) Rainfall intensity
c.) Duration of rainfall
d.) Distribution of rainfall on basin

Question 20

Physiographic factors

Answer 20

a.) Land use
b.) Area
c.) Shape
d.) Elevation
e.) Slope
d.) Orientation

Question 21

• the ground water aquifer and then slowly finds its way to streams. (above water table)

Answer 21

SUBSURFACE FLOW

Question 22

• flow of water below earth’s surface as part of the hydrologic cycle

Answer 22

SUBSURFACE FLOW

Question 23

• movement of water under the force of gravity through a defined semi-permanent channel.

Answer 23

STREAM FLOW

Question 24

• _________ or discharge, is the volume of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time

Answer 24

STREAM FLOW

Question 25

IMPORTANCE OF STREAM-FLOW:

Answer 25

1.) Planning for flood control 2.) Estimating the dependability of water supply 3.) Designing reservoir storage

Question 26

PARTS OF STREAM-FLOW HYDROGRAPH:

Answer 26

1.) Rising limb 2.) Falling limb/recession 3.) Peak flow

Question 27

– refers to abrupt or gradual increase in water level in rivers depending on the condition of watershed or intensity of rainfall.

Answer 27

Rising limb

Question 28

- refers to either abrupt or gradual decrease in water level in rivers depending on the condition of watershed or intensity of rainfall.

Answer 28

Falling limb/recession

Question 29

– refers to the highest water level in the river or stream.

Answer 29

Peak flow

Question 30

- graphical representation on the rise and fall of water volume or discharge in a river for certain period of time expressed in cubic meter per second

Answer 30

HYDROGRAPH

Question 31

SEDIMENTATION:

Answer 31

1.) Sediment 2.) Sedimentation 3.) Sediment yield 4.) Suspended load 5.) Bed load 6.) Total sediment load

Question 32

– refers to soil particles that are transported by stream flow

Answer 32

Sediment

Question 33

- process of deposition of transported soil particles, gravels and cobbles

Answer 33

Sedimentation

Question 34

– total sediment outflow from the watershed

Answer 34

Sediment yield

Question 35

– portion of the sediment discharge consist of fie soil particles, such as silt and clay which are transported in suspension.

Answer 35

Suspended load

Question 36

– portion of the sediment discharge consist of sand gobbles and gravels

Answer 36

Bed load

Question 37

– bed loads and suspended loads

Answer 37

Total sediment load

Question 38

Mode of Transport of sediments:

Answer 38

1.) Suspension 2.) Saltation 3.) Bed load

Question 39

- sediments are suspended in water

Answer 39

Suspension

Question 40

– bouncing sediments

Answer 40

Saltation

Question 41

- sediments that move constantly in contact with the stream bed.

Answer 41

Bed load