label the external anatomy of the crayfish.
long antennae, cheliped, cephalothorax (supraorbital spine, carapace, and cephalic groove), abdomen, eyes, short antennae, walking legs, swimmerets, tail fan (uropods and telson)
state 2 features common to all organisms in the Phylum, Chordata, that would be present in the embryo of a fish and a marine mammal.
post anal tail, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal pouches/gill slits
explain the meaning of the term zooplankton
planktonic animals with limited mobility; drifts with the currents, and are primary consumers
percentage formula
final value - initial value/ initial value x 100
Be able to label the external anatomy of bony fish
operculum (covers gills), dorsal fins (fins at the top), caudal fin (tail of the fish), pectoral fin (fins at the side), pelvic fins (front bottom of fish), lateral line, and anal fin (fin directly in front of the anus)
Species that are harvested for the medical industry
macroalgae and horseshoe crabs
Species harvested as a food source
fish, shellfish, macroalgae, crustaceans
Species that maintains a stable ecosystem
coral reefs; keeps predator prey balance
Species that provides environmental protection
mangrove roots; helps to prevent coastal erosion
Species that help provide climate control and add oxygen
phytoplankton, seaweed, and marine plants
similarities between cartilaginous fish and bony fish
both have gills, fins, are in the phylum chordata
contrast cartilaginous fish to bony fish
Cartilaginous fish have scales called denticles, gill slits are present, have claspers for internal fertilization, heterocercal caudal fins, and have fatty livers rather than swim bladder
describe the 3 different levels of biodiversity
Genetic diversity- the variation in genes within a species
Species diversity- the number of different species and their relative abundance
Ecological diversity- the variation in ecosystems on a regional and global level
explain why all 3 diversity levels should be considered
no single level gives a full measure of biodiversity and all 3 levels are correlated
binomial nomenclature
genus followed by species
the differences between holdfasts and roots
holdfasts are on macroalgae and attach to rock and DO NOT absorb nutrients; roots, however are on flowering plants and
they anchor into the sediment, absorbing nutrients
list the taxonomic categories in order.
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
describe a random method that scuba divers can use to determine the population of coral polyps on a reef
the frame quadrat sampling method-
sampling sites are chosen at random at several locations on the reef, the number of species will be counted once the quadrat is placed, photos can also be taken for analysis, sites at each depth will be sampled and averaged, then data is calculated to include the area of the reef
describe a systematic method that scuba divers can use to determine the population of corals on a coral reef
the line transect- a line is laid out across the reef, then, place the quadrat on the line every 2 or so meters, count and identify the number and species of coral, finally, calculate means and extrapolate the data to the area of the reef
compare and contrast the structure of macroalgae and marine plants
macroalgae: blades, stipe, pneumatocysts (gas bladder), and holdfasts
flowering plants: leaves, flowers, rhizomes, and roots
state 2 main features of crustaceans
segmented body, antennae, chelipeds, cephalothorax (abdomen), bilateral symmetry, and an exoskeleton
Discuss the economic benefits of major groups
reduces wave action or coastal erosion, fisheries, harvesting for commercial, cosmetic, or food usage, and provide medicines
Discuss the ecological benefits of major groups
base of food webs, carbon sinks, provides oxygen, provides habitat, and nursery grounds for juveniles
list the method used to determine the population of blue-striped snapper on a reef
mark-release-recapture method
