chapter 5

Question 1

Canada’s cod population is an example of….. growth

Answer 1

Logistic: the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity

Question 2

What is population ecology?

Answer 2

• the study of population dynamics of species and how populations interact with the environment.
• They question things like…
  *how fast pops grow
  *limiting factors
  *# organisms in equilibrium

Question 3

What is exponential growth?

Answer 3

Exponential growth happens when you start with small populations
- It describes populations under ideal unregulated conditions
- more creatures are born than die (ex. grey seal pop in sable island)
- Not sustainable (resources become lilted competition increases-growth unsustainable)
- Maximum growth varies between species

Question 4

What is logistic pop growth?

Answer 4

• when a population stops growing exponentially
• birth rates slow death rate rises
• carrying capacity (k) max sustainable pop size in an environment
• When pop size (N) =k pop is in equilibrium
• when n<k growth is exponential
• pop slowed by limiting factors

Question 5

Population- growth and harvest time

Answer 5

• pop collapse occurs when harvest exceeds pop growth
• Maximum sustainable yield is the largest sustainable harvest (it’s at about half of carrying capacity

Question 6

Fecundity

Answer 6

• Is the number of offspring produced by an individual per season
• birth rate may be age specific
• determined growth is when fecundity is consistent (doesn’t matter age - either way, same # of kids)
• Indeterminate growth-fecundity increases with age until senescence

Question 7

Iteroparius vs semelparous

Answer 7

Bred once vs many times

Question 8

Who is Semel

Answer 8

Virgin priest
zeuse has sex with her once, then she died

Question 9

What are the three types of survivorship curves?

Answer 9

Type 1 (human): low mortality except in old age
Type two (mouse): constant rate of mortality
Type 3 (salmon): high mortality as babies progressively less

When a creature has determined growth (they stop growing at a certain age) they typically have the same number of offspring

When a creature has undetermined growth (they grow bigger as they get older) they have more kids as they age

Question 10

Life table

Answer 10

Look @ slides

Question 11

Exploitation competion

Answer 11

Competition for resources without direct interaction
ex. moose eats all plants = less herbivour snacks

Question 12

Interference competition

Answer 12

Direct interaction
action to reduce access to a ressource to others (fight)

Question 13

What is Lotka-Volterra competition model

Answer 13

If two species are competing for one resource, their growth is influenced by each other and their competitive ability

Question 14

What is the formula for open population

Answer 14

Nt+1 =Nt + (Mt - Dt) + (It - Et)
E=emigrants
I=imagrants
N= # individuals
M= births
D=deaths
t= time

Question 15

What is the formula for a closed pop

Answer 15

N= M-D

Question 16

What is a maximum sustainable yeild?

Answer 16

The largest, but sustainable, long-term harvest

Question 17

Intra vs inter specific competition

Answer 17

Intra= same species
Inter= between different species