Cell killing and directly related to the dose received
Deterministic somatic effects
Early deterministic somatic effect depends on the ________
Time of exposure to ionizing radiation
Early deterministic effects appear within:
- Minutes
- Hours
- Days
- Weeks
Possible high-dose consequences include:
- nausea
- fatigue
- erythema
- epilation
- blood disorders
- intestinal disorders
- fever
- dry and moist desquamation
- depressed sperm count
- temporary or permanent sterility
- injury to CNS
This radiation sickness occurs in humans after whole body exception of large doses of ionizing radiation is delivered over s short period of time.
Acute Radiation Syndrome
Three separate related syndromes:
- Hematopoietic Syndrome
- Gastrointestinal Syndrome
- Cerebrovascular Syndrome
Hematopoietic Syndrome occurs when a person is exposed to radiation ranges of __1__ Gy. The hematopoietic system is the most radiosensitive __2__ organ system in humans. Death may occur __3__ weeks after irradiation.
- 1-10
- Vital
- 6-8 weeks
If radiation exposure is not lethal, bone marrow will eventually __1__. Many of these people will recover __2__ weeks.
- Repopulate to level adequate to support life
2. 3-6 weeks
Gastrointestinal Syndrome appears at a threshold dose of __1__ and peaks at __2__ Gy. Without medical support the person may die within __3__ days, but still will not survive.
- 6 Gy
- 10
- 3-10
Gastrointestinal syndrome.
Prodromal stage: severe __1__ for up to 24 hours.
Followed by latent period, which lasts up to __2__ days. During this time, the symptoms disappear until the manifest stage sets in.
- Nausea, vomitting, and diarrhea
2. 5
During the GI syndrome the patient experiences:
1.
2.
3.
But also may experience fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, lethargy, anemia, leukopenia, hemorrhaging, infection, electrolyte imbalance, and emancipation
- Severe nausea
- Vomitting
- Diarrhea
With the GI Syndrome death occurs mainly because of the damage to the __1__ cells that line the GI tract. Death normally occurs within __2__ days.
- Epithelial
2. 3-5
Cerebrovascular Syndrome occurs when a person is exposed to doses of __1__ + Gy. Death an occur within a few hours or __2__ days.
- 50 Gy
2. 2-3 Days
After irradiation (CNS Syndrome) the prodromal stage occurs. Signs and symptoms include:
- excessive nervousness
- confussion
- severe nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- loss of vision
- burning sensation of the skin
- loss of consciousness
(CNS) a latent period can last up to __1__. During this time the symptoms lessen or disappear. Following the latent period, the __2__ stage occurs. During this stage the __3__ recurs with increased severity. Other symptoms appear: disorientation and shock, periods of agitation alternating with stupor, ataxia, edema in the cranial vault, loss of equilibrium, fatigue, lethargy, convulsive seizures, electrolyte imbalance, meningitis, prostration, respiratory distress, vasculitis, and coma.
- 12 hours
- Manifest
- Prodromal symptoms
Major response stages of ARS:
- Prodromal (initial)
- Latent period
- Manifest illness
- Recovery or death
The prodromal or initial stage occurs within __1__ after whole-body dose of 1 Gy. or more. The initial stage is characterized by __2__, __3__, diarrhea, fatigue, and __4__
- Hours
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Leukopenia
Somatic and Genetic damage factors
- The quantity of ionizing radiation to which the subject is exposed
- Ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of human tissue
- Amount of body area expose
- Specific body parts exposed
