vertical integration
MNE decides to establish foreign subsidiaries to produce intermediate goods or inputs that go into the production of a finished good.
backward integration
Extraction and processing of raw materials. (mostly the case in vertical)
forward integration
financial consumer market
horizontal integration
parent company is producing a commodity in the source country sets up a subsidiary to produce an identical product in the host country.
conglomerate integration
nonrelated markets
foreign direct investment
Acquisition of a controlling interest in an overseas company or facility.
transplants
US-based Japanese assembly facilities