What are the phases in SDLC?
- Planning
- Analysis
- Design
- Development
- Testing
- Implementation
- Maintenance
What is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
The overall process for developing information systems, from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance.
What is done in the Planning phase?
- Brainstorm issues and identify opportunities for the organization
- Prioritize and choose projects for development
- Set the project scope
- Develop the project plan
What is done in the Analysis phase?
- Gather the business requirement for the system
- Define any constraints associated with the system
What is done in the Design phase?
- Design the technical architecture required to support the system
- Design the system models
What is done in the Development phase?
- Build the technical architecture
- Build the database
- Build the applications
What is done in the Testing phase?
- Write the test conditions
- Perform system testing
What is done in the Implementation phase?
- Write detailed user documentation
- Provide training for the system users
What is done in the Maintenance phase?
- Build a help desk to support the system users
- Provide an environment to support system changes
What is the waterfall methodology?
A sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next.
What are the issues related to the waterfall methodology?
- Any flaws in accurately defining and articulating the business problem in terms of what the business users actually require flow onward to the next phase.
- Managing costs, resources, and the constraints is difficult in the waterfall sequence. Unexpected contingencies may sabotage the plan.
- The waterfall methodology is problematic in that is assumes users can specify all business requirements in advance. Vision is inevitably limited at the head of the waterfall.
What is the agile methodology?
Aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process using the bare minimum requirements.
What are the primary forms of agile methodology?
- Rapid prototyping or rapid application development methodology
- Extreme programming methodology
- Rational unified process (RUP) methodology
- Scrum methodology
What is Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology?
Emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system, to accelerate the systems development process.
What is project management?
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What is a project manager?
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What is the triple constraint?
There are three primary interdependent variables to any project - time, cost, scope. All projects are limited in some way by these constraints. If any one changes, at least one other is likely to be affected.
What is the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart?
A graphical network model that depicts a project’s tasks and the relationships between them.
What is a Gantt chart?
A simple bar chart that lists project tasks vertically against the project’s time frame, listed horizontally. It also shows the actual progress of tasks against the planned duration.
What is in-sourcing (in-house development)?
Uses the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain its information technology systems.
What is outsourcing?
An arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house.
What are common reasons companies outsource?
- Core competencies
- Financial savings
- Rapid growth
- The Internet and globalization
What are the three forms of outsourcing options available?
- Onshore outsourcing - engaging another company within the same country for services
- Nearshore outsourcing - contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country. Often this will share a border with the native country.
- Offshore outsourcing - using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems. In offshore outsourcing, the country is geographically far away.
What are the benefits of outsourcing?
- Increased quality and efficiency of business processes
- Reduced operating expenses for head count and exposure to risk for large capital investments
- Access to outsourcing service provider’s expertise, economies of scale, best practices, and advanced technologies
- Increased flexibility for faster response to market changes and less time to market for new products or services
