What can a reduction in oxygen delivery to the heart result in?
chest pain called ‘angina’
What are 5 risk factors for CHD?
- smoking
- high blood pressure
- diabetes
- family history of CHD
- obesity
What are 5 symptoms of CHD?
- shortness of breath
- chest pain
- jaw pain
- sweating
- nausea
How does air quality affect the prevalence of CHD?
- industrialisation increases exposure to air pollution
- rural areas are therefore expected (not proven) to have a lower risk of CHD
How does climate affect the prevalence of CHD?
- CHD rates are higher in areas with less hours of sunshine and lower temperatures (encourages unhealthy lifestyle habits)
- cold and damp winters can have negative impacts on the cardiorespiratory system, which increases the risk of heart attacks
Mortality from CHD is ____ higher in smokers
60%
A rapid rate of urbanisation in developing countries can lead to an increased risk of CHD, how? (4)
- crowded living environments
- advertising for unhealthy lifestyle habits
- air pollution
- urban areas discourage physical activity
What type of disease is CHD?
non-communicable
What are bypass grafts?
- if blockages are too extensive, artificial arteries are created
- open heart surgery (riskier)
What medication can be used to manage CHD?
- statins (lower cholesterol)
- aspirin (thins blood)
How much did CHD cost the UK health care system in 2009?
around £8.7 billion
Prevention of CHD (UK)?
- dieticians promote benefits for heart health of eating oily fish, more fruit and veg and less saturated fat
Prevention of CHD (Japan)?
- government-led health education campaigns
- increased treatment of high blood pressure
Policies and legislation regarding CHD?
- most common legislation involves reducing tobacco smoking (advertising bans, health warnings on packets)
What did WHO create for education on CHD in schools?
- world heart day every year on September 29th
- includes medical activities (blood pressure testing), scientific conferences and activities to promote a healthy lifestyle and diet
