Cheating

Question 1

Upton (2011) believes that…

Answer 1

• cheating exists
• ex. cricket: not being honest about whether the bat touched the ball
• there can be a moral duty to cheat in this case (you owe it to your teammates to try your hardest to win, this includes cheating)

Question 2

Pro tanto reasons:

Answer 2

• a subsidiary reason to act a certain way or not
• can be over-ruled by a higher order reason
• pro tanto reasons give us partial duties

Question 3

Upton’s argument rests on 3 reasons:

Answer 3

• the player owes his teammates maximal effort to win
• walking lets your teammates down
• walking is self-indulgent, given the practice of standing your ground in these cases

Question 4

3 reasons why Royce (2012) disagrees with Upton:

Answer 4

• often it’s not a question of maximal effort
• no such thing as pro tanto reasons: either you do or do not have an ethical duty
• what is normal or common cannot confer moral duty

Question 5

Russell (2014): there is no distinctive ____ ____ to the notion of cheating.

Answer 5

conceptual core

Question 6

Cheating is often thought to contain some or all of these elements:

Answer 6

• deception
• rule breaking
• strategic advantage

Question 7

All cheating is ______ and involves _____ in some sense.

Answer 7

• strategic

- fouling

Question 8

Not all examples of _____ _____ are cheating.

Answer 8

strategic fouling

Question 9

Russell V. Upton/Royce focuses on deeper issues like:

Answer 9

• what is the overriding purpose of sport contests?
• ascertain moral principles this purpose implies
• derive ethical positions from this instead of claims of cheating

Question 10

If a popular premise is false, the argument based on it is at least suspect =

Answer 10

• bandwagon fallacy

- begging the question