Classics - Test 2

Question 1

theogony

Answer 1

an account of the genesis or origin of the gods

Question 2

cosmogony

Answer 2

an account of the genesis or origin of the cosmos

Question 3

cosmos

Answer 3

the world or universe conceived of as a rationally ordered, attractive whole

Question 4

Erinyes

Answer 4

furies, ferocious female spirits who haunt those who shed kindred blood, drive them mad

Question 5

Eros

Answer 5

functions as primordial principle that sets world in motion

- also referenced to be son of aphrodite in later years

Question 6

Uranus/Sky

Answer 6

• covers mother earth [prevent any birth of a successor]

- 12 titans with Gaea > youngest Cronus casrates father uranus to free himself/siblings and throws member into sea

Question 7

Titanomachy

Answer 7

• Zeus defeats father Cronus and most of the other Titans in a battle
• to win > Zeus enlists other divinities as allies [Olympians of his own generation, the Cyclopes and the Hundred-Handers]

Question 8

Typhonomachy

Answer 8

Zeus defeats Typhon a monster born from the Earth/from sister&wife Hera

Question 9

Gigantomachy

Answer 9

Zeus and allies defeat the Giants

Question 10

doublets

Answer 10

figures that serve similar functions/perform similar deed

Question 11

Helius

Answer 11

• son of Hyperion
• dwells in east (ethiopia)
• drive four-horse sun chariot
• son tried to drive it once but scorched the earth so Zeus blasted him with a thunder bolt (why ethiopians have black skin)

Question 12

Eos

Answer 12

• the daughter of hyperion
• dawn goddess
• in love with Tithonus [eternal life without youth]
• mother of Memnon, killed by Achilles

Question 13

Selene

Answer 13

• daughter of Hyperion
• drives two-horse night chariot
• falls in love with mortal shepard Endymion [eternal sleep/youth]

Question 14

Iapetus

Answer 14

• 1 of 12 titans sentenced to tartarus

- 3 sons: prometheus, atlas, epimetheus

Question 15

Prometheus

Answer 15

• supported Zeus against titans
• pseudo champion of humankind
• son Deucalion survived universal flood
• Deucalion’s 3 kids lend names to future races (Hellen, Dorus>Aeolus>Xuthus, Ion)

Question 16

Epimetheus

Answer 16

• accepted Zeus’ gift to punish humans after Prometheus’ deception [Pandora]
• “after-thinker” > after thought

Question 17

Pandora

Answer 17

• “all-giver/all-gifted”
• received various gifts (i.e. Hermes thievishness)
• opened jar of evils releasing all except hope
• comparable to Eve

Question 18

Zeus

Answer 18

• father of gods and men
• associated with thunderbolt, eagle, nectar (Ganymede)
• Olympia is most important Zeus shrine

Question 19

Dodona

Answer 19

• Dione (Zeus’ lover at Dodona)
• supposedly aphrodites mother (another interpretation than sea foam born)
• oracle provides prophetic responses to questions [reportedly oldest in Greece]

Question 20

Ganymede

Answer 20

young trojan taken bby Zeus to become cupbearer of god on olympus [rape of ganymede]

Question 21

Zeus and Lovers

Answer 21

• Metis > Athena
• Themis > Horae [seasons]: Eunomia [good rule], Dice [justice], Irene [peace] & Moerae [fates]
• Mnemosyne > Muses

Question 22

Hera

Answer 22

• associated with cows, respectable matron, scepter, crown
• jealous of Zeus’ affection at Ganymede
• slighted by trojan prince Paris
• in illiad = argives represent greeks and hera sides with them
• deception of zeus shows his wayward ways > mad
• 3 children w/ zeus > Ares, Hebe/Youth, Hephaestus

Question 23

Poseidon

Answer 23

• one of big 3 gods > “earth-shaker”
• assoc. trident/3-prong fishing spear/harpoon, earthquakes, fish
• Isthmus of Corinth
• sea chariot drawn by hippocamps (sea-horses w/ fish tales)
• Arion (child by demeter, happened in form of horses), pegasus, triton (mother amphitrite), the hero Theseus (mortal woman)

Question 24

Hermes

Answer 24

• messenger god, patron god of heralds, patron god of cattle-rustlers and herdsman, businessmen and thieves
• assoc. winged shoes, staff, travelers hat, lyre
• zeus + maia [arcadia] > hermes > pan
• steals brother apollos cattle and admits to nothing even as he is a baby > gave apollo lyre to make up for cattle
• slayed Argos who guarded Io > Argeiphontes

Question 25

Hephaestus

Answer 25

- god of fire & smiths - island Lemnos - assoc. volcanoes, club foot - made divine armor for achilles at request of his mother - cyclopes help > smith gods from previous generation freed by zeus from tartarus - birthed athena - hesiodic tale > born asexually from Hera after athena - married to one of the graces or aphrodite - thrown from heaven either b/c he helped hera and was thrown to lemnos by zeus OR hera didn't like him and threw him down > raised by nereids/barbarians of lemnos - in anger hephaestus traps hera in a throne and dionysus gets him drunk and brings him back to free her

Question 26

Apollo

Answer 26

- "far shooter" - god of music, healing, leader of muses - zeus + leto - assoc. lyre, bow, arrows, quiver, arrows of plague (healing/poison), laurel (daphne) - sides with trojans - delos = sm. island, reported birthplace, major sanctuary for Apollo to the Ionians - son Asclepius rescued after mother killed for seducing another even though she was carrying Apollo's child > also god of healing - Delphi = major sanctuary, used for purification rituals

Question 27

argive heraeum

Answer 27

famous sanctuary of Hera at argos

Question 28

proetids

Answer 28

daughters of king proetus of argos - goddess drove them mad when they somehow insulted her statue - thinking they were cows, wandered the peloponnese

Question 29

Eileithyia

Answer 29

- birth goddess | - prevented/delayed by hera to apollo/artemis' and heracles' birth

Question 30

Triton

Answer 30

- merman w/ elongated fish bottom half | - calms sea by blowing into conch shell

Question 31

Pan

Answer 31

- promotes fertility among flocks/herds - depicted ithyphallic - goats feet + horns (sometimes other goat traits)

Question 32

Syrinx

Answer 32

pan loved syrinx but she didn't want to give up her virginity so she asked to be spared and was turned into a reed. Pan cut the reed and played music

Question 33

fauns

Answer 33

roman spirits of the environment

Question 34

herma

Answer 34

stone heap, boundary marker for shepherds, travelers, merchants

Question 35

herm

Answer 35

quadrangular stone pillar with bearded head and erection on front - lucky charm, ward off evil influences

Question 36

similarities to the east

Answer 36

1 - come from water generation (Anu - Oceanus) - primordial pair separated 2 - castration of sky god (Anush - Uranus) 3 - cut/bit off genitalia (Kumarbi > pregnant when swallows them - Cronus) 4 - storm god defeats monster born of previous generation (Marduk - Teshub - Zeus)

Question 37

five ages

Answer 37

Gold > made by gods, ruled by Cronus Silver > made by gods, zeus covered them for their arrogance Bronze > terrible & mighty, destroyed themselves Heroes > many died in battle (Troy & Thebes) Iron > troublesome, evil, soon to be destroyed