COMMON CHANGES IN AGING

Question 1

the process of stable, irreversible growth arrest of cells.

Answer 1

SENESCENCE

Question 2

This process contributes to aging and age-related diseases.

Answer 2

SENESCENCE

Question 3

The group of effects that lead to a decreasing expectation of life with increasing age

Answer 3

SENESCENCE

Question 4

all post maturational changes and the increasing vulnerability individuals face as a result of these changes.

Answer 4

SENESCENCE

Question 5

TERMINOLOGIES for age-related Physiological Changes

Answer 5

Immunosenescence
Presbycusis
Presbyopia
Presbyesophagus

Question 6

Loss of subcutaneous fats - prone to pressure sores

Answer 6

SKIN WRINKLING

Question 7

By the age of ___most people bear the typical lines of their expression

Answer 7

40

Question 8

Less insulation of body to cold and heat

Answer 8

SKIN WRINKLING

Question 9

Loss of muscle mass due to aging

Answer 9

SARCOPENIA

Question 10

Muscles of the face are capable of tremendous movements. Smiles, laughter frowns, disappointment anger, rage, and surprise are all recorded. The hand of time captures this expression and outlines them on the face

Answer 10

SKIN WRINKLING

Question 11

Sarcopenia is preventable/ reversible with ______________________________

Answer 11

regular physical activity

Question 12

CHANGES TO SKIN AND NAILS

Answer 12

• Atrophic changed in sweat glands
• Thickened fingernails & toenails
• Generalized loss of body hair and head hair
• Decrease in number of functioning pigment-producing
  cells ->graying

Question 13

Decrease in number of functioning pigment-producing
cells leads to ___________

Answer 13

graying

Question 14

some remaining pigment cells enlarge leading to “__________”

Answer 14

age spots

Question 15

changes that increase vulnerability to infections/disorders

Answer 15

Skin changes

Question 16

Moderate loss of bone density

Answer 16

OSTEOPENIA

Question 17

severe loss of bone density (including the occurrence of a fracture due to loss of bone density)

Answer 17

OSTEOPOROSIS

Question 18

In women, loss of bone density speeds up after _____________ because less ___________ is produced.

Answer 18

menopause; estrogen

Question 19

Those most affected in bone loss in women include:

Answer 19

the end of the thighbone (femur) at the hip, the ends of the arm bones (radius and ulna) at the wrist, and the bones of the spine (vertebrae).

Question 20

bind joints together, and tendons, which bind muscle to bone

Answer 20

Ligaments

Question 21

what is the cause of Osteoarthritis

Answer 21

unknown

Question 22

Osteoarthritis is also referred to as

Answer 22

degenerative joint disease

Question 23

A gradual wearing away of joint cartilage that results in the exposure of rough underlying bone ends

Answer 23

Osteoarthritis

Question 24

Can do damage to internal ligaments

Answer 24

Osteoarthritis

Question 25

Osteoarthritis is most commonly associated w/ _____________________

Answer 25

weight bearing joints

Question 26

are among the most common of all disorders affecting people 65 years of age and over.

Answer 26

Arthritis & allied bone and muscular conditions

Question 27

Arthritis & allied bone and muscular conditions are among the most common of all disorders affecting people ___________________________

Answer 27

65 years of age and over.

Question 28

A generic term that refers to an inflammation or degenerative change in a joint

Answer 28

Arthritis

Question 29

A chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease of connective tissue

Answer 29

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 30

Rheumatoid Arthritis is ___ times more common among ___________ than _____

Answer 30

2-3; women; men

Question 31

Currently viewed as an autoimmune disease

Answer 31

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 32

Rheumatoid Arthritis may occur at any age -- most common onset ____________________

Answer 32

between 20 & 50

Question 33

Changes in neurosensory feedback

Answer 33

- Enzyme & hormone release - Innervation of the tract - Diminished response to pain & internal sensations

Question 34

CARDIOPULMONARY CHANGES

Answer 34

- The heart and blood vessels become stiffer. - The heart fills with blood more slowly. - The stiffer arteries are less able to expand when more blood is pumped through them.

Question 35

A generic term referring to the loss of elasticity of arterial walls

Answer 35

Arteriosclerosis

Question 36

Arteriosclerosis is often referred to as

Answer 36

hardening of the arteries

Question 37

Considered a general aging phenomenon

Answer 37

Atherosclerosis

Question 38

Heart valves tend to ______________ in thickness with age

Answer 38

increase

Question 39

BP tends to go __ with age

Answer 39

up

Question 40

Systolic stabilizes at about age __

Answer 40

75

Question 41

Diastolic stabilizes at about __ then may gradually _________

Answer 41

65; decline

Question 42

_______________ may alter the size/shape of the chest cavity

Answer 42

Osteoporosis

Question 43

The bladder of an elderly person has a capacity of _________________________ that of a young adult (600 ml) and often contains as much as _________ of residual urine".

Answer 43

less than half (250ml); 100 ml

Question 44

_______________ is delayed-- usually activated when bladder is half full; in OAs, not until bladder is nearly at capacity

Answer 44

Micturition reflex

Question 45

The maximum volume of urine that the bladder can hold decreases. Thus, older people may need to urinate ______________

Answer 45

more often.