Communication

Question 1

What are the parts of a Message Pyramid?

Answer 1

1. Key Message
2. First Proof Layer
3. Second Proof Layer

Question 2

What is a Key Message?

Answer 2

• long-lasting and consistent statement, regardless of the situation
• create an environment and belief system among your key audiences
• top layer of a Message Pyramid

Question 3

What is a proof layer? What is the difference between the first proof layer and second proof layer?

Answer 3

• proof points that back up a key message
• first - factual statement about the benefits of planning
• second - amplifies the first point using a “startling statistic, anecdote, endorsement of planning from an allied group, or an amplification of the core statement”

Question 4

Bridging

Answer 4

• technique to reframe controversial issues
• respond to opponents while recasting how the issue is viewed
• use transitional phrases to stay on message when asked a question that could take you off topic

Question 5

What are the desirable characteristics of an infographic?

Answer 5

• concise
• innovative
• engaging
• easy to understand

Question 6

Approximately what percent of Americans have smartphones?

Answer 6

81%

Question 7

Approximately what percent of adults do not have broadband at home?

Answer 7

27%

Question 8

Approximately what percent of US residents (over the age of 5) have limited english?

Answer 8

9%

Question 9

Approximately what percent of US residents (over 5) cannot read a newspaper (due to sight impairment and other reasons)?

Answer 9

19%

Question 10

Design Charette

Answer 10

• intensive collaboration of citizens, stakeholders, and staff
• goal: detailed design plan for a specific area
• held over 1 or more days
• effective for quickly developing consensus

Typically small groups are formed with each focusing on a design solution. Each group has a facilitator (typically a design professional).

Question 11

Delphi Method/Technique

Answer 11

• structured public participation
• goal: consesus decision
• Panel of selected, informed stakeholders and citizens complete a series of questionanaires, often written as hypotheses.
• After each round, feedback on responses is presented to the group anonymously.
• Participants are encouraged to revise their answers based on replies heard.
• Over time, range of answers decreases, converging toward a single solution.

Created in 1944 for the Air Force.

Question 12

Nominal Group Technique

Answer 12

• group process (groups of any size)
• problem identification, solution generation, and decision making
• goal: come to a decision by vote
• List of ideas generated as every group member briefly shares ideas (duplicates removed)
• Participants rank the solutions
• Rankings are discussed, leading to further ideas or combination of ideas
• Solution with the highest rank is selected

Question 13

Facilitation

Answer 13

• led by person with no direct stake in the outcome
• goal: help disagreeing groups work together to solve complex problems and come to consensus
• facilitator is often a volunteer from community that is respected by all groups
• professional facilitators can also be hired

Question 14

Mediation

Answer 14

• goal: dispute resolution
• neutral third party facilitates
• structured, multi-state process to help parties reach a satisfactory agreement
• assists both parties in identifying and articulating interests and priorities
• agreements typically specify measurable, achievable, and realistic solutions
• final agreement often in writing
• resolve conflict without involving court system

Question 15

What public participation method is best for helping a large group come to a consensus?

Answer 15

Delphi method

Question 16

What public participation method is best to help a group come to a decision by vote?

Answer 16

Nominal Group Technique

Question 17

What public participation method is best to help disagreeing parties come to a consensus?

Answer 17

facilitation

Question 18

What public participation method is best to resolve disputes between parties without involving the court system?

Answer 18

mediation

Question 19

Public hearing

Answer 19

• usually associated with a governing body (plan commission, city council, etc)
• allow formal citizen input at the end of the planning process
• often mandated by law
• ineffective at building public participation and consensus

Question 20

Visual Preference Survey

Answer 20

• evaluate physical images of natural and built environments
• citizens view and evaluate a wide variety of pictures
• aggregated scores determine resident preferences

Question 21

What public participation method can identify public design preferences?

Answer 21

visual preference survey

Question 22

What public participation method can develop a detailed design plan?

Answer 22

Design Charrette

Question 23

Brainstorming

Answer 23

• informal approach
• gather input on initial project stages or to determine goals
• small internal group setting

Question 24

Coffee Klatch

Answer 24

informal gathering at a neighbor’s house

Question 25

Planning cell

Answer 25

randomly selected group of participants who collaborate on developing solutions to a given issue

Question 26

Process Evaluation

Answer 26

* collecting data in the planning and implementation phases * beginning and throughout engagement process ## Footnote data can include frequency and content of planning meetings, inclusiveness of process, and diversity/representativeness of planners

Question 27

Outcome Evaluation

Answer 27

* assesses change resulting from community engagement * To what extent are people in the community engaged? * collecting individual or community-level changes in how people engage with each other * end of engagement process ## Footnote can be change in the way people engage with each other or change resulting from their engagement

Question 28

Impact Evaluation

Answer 28

* seeks to establish evidence of causality * random assignment of participants, control group, intervention group * more challenging and expensive * to what extent can a community change be attributed to community engagement ## Footnote to conduct it effectively you need a long-standing community engagement program with a lot of data already collected, previous evaluations, significant time, and financial and human capacity to conduct the evaluation.

Question 29

Ripple Effect Mapping

Answer 29

* engage key stakeholders in assessing the impact of community engagement * participants look back over a period of time * create a visual map of direct or indirect impacts of community engagement

Question 30

What are the principles of authentic engagement?

Answer 30

* equitable * inclusive * connected to decision-making * connected to change

Question 31

Chloropleth Map

Answer 31

* divide an area into geographic features and color the features based on data * size of region should be roughly similar * best to use data controlled for size (such as percentages) ## Footnote example: map showing % of minority residents in each census tract

Question 32

Dot Density Map

Answer 32

* distribute dots that represent information in the location where the data is located * can be precise with exact locations or distribute randomly within an area * better able to show raw data because distribution of dots helps control for different geographical sizes ## Footnote example: map where each dot reprensents one traffic accident location

Question 33

Cartogram

Answer 33

* distort geographic regions to show the amont of data type within them ## Footnote example: cartogram map of the world by population will make large countries with small amounts of epople much smaller than they really are, and small countries with large populations larger than they are

Question 34

Chorochromatic Maps

Answer 34

* show data based on the specific geographic locations * uses colors and patterns without numerical values ## Footnote example: river watersheds or underlying soil types may be shown in different colors example 2: land use map

Question 35

What type of thematic map would you use to show existing land use?

Answer 35

chorochromatic map

Question 36

What type of thematic map would you use to show percent of households below the poverty line by census tract?

Answer 36

Chloropleth map

Question 37

What type of thematic map would you use to show the location of code enforcement violations?

Answer 37

Dot Density Map

Question 38

What type of map would you use to demonstrate numerical data, such as population, through the distortion of geographic regions?

Answer 38

Cartogram

Question 39

Flow Map

Answer 39

* show both geography and direction * often for economic activity ## Footnote Example: map showing the import and export of goods between places

Question 40

What type of thematic map would you use to show the import and export of goods between places?

Answer 40

Flow Map